
Class JH^-^^ 



THE 



STRANGERS' GUIDE 



THE CITIES 



CANADA, 



WITH A BRIEF 



GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL SKETCH OF THE 
PROVINCE. 



ROBERT W. STUART MACKAY, 



KDITOROF THE CANADA DIRECTOEY, 




MONTREAL : 
PUBLISHED BY B. DAWSON, 

2 Place d'Aemes. 
1852. 

Price 2s. 6d., or 50 cents 



THE 



STRANGERS' GUIDE, 

TO 

THE CITIES JXt 

OP 

MOITREAL AND QUEBEC, 

TOGETHER WITH 

SKETCHES OF THE CITIES OF TORONTO, KINGSTON, 
AND HAxMILTON, 

AND OF THE 

TOWNS OF BYTOWN, LONDON, &c., 

AMD A OLAKCE AT 

THE MOST REMARKABLE CATARACTS AND FALLS, MINERAL 
SPRINGS AND RIVERS OF CANADA. 

WITH A BRIEF 

GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL SKETCH OF THE 
PROVINCE. 

I 

BY 

ROBERT W. STUART MACKAT, 

EDITOR OF THE CANADA DIRECTORY. 



MONTREAL : 
PUBLISHED BY B. DAWSON, 

2 Place d'Abmes. 
1852. 








>• 







12-lt^^^ 



GENERAL INDEX. 



PAGE 

Beauharnois Canal 62 

Cornwall Canal 62 

Lachine Canal 63 



PAGE 

Rideau Canal 59 

St. Lawrence Canals 62 



CATARACTS AND FALLS. 



PAGE 

Chaudiere Falls, (Quebec). 53 

Chaudiere Falls, (Ottawa) . 59 

Montmorenci Falls 53 

Niagara Falls 74 



PAGE 

Rideau Falls 58 

Shawanagenne Falls 35 

St. Anne Falls 54 



CITIES AND TOWNS. 



PAGE 

Bytown 59 

Cobourg 66 

Hamilton 11 

Kingston 64 

London 73 

Montreal 7 ! 

Geographical and Statistical Sketch of Canada. 

MINERAL springs. 



page 

Port Hope 67 

Quebec 35 

Sorel 34 

Three Rivers 34 

Toronto 68 



76 



page 

Caledonia Springs 61 

Plantagenet Springs 61 



page 
St. Leon Springs 35 



PAGE 

Tlie Saint Lawrence, from 
Montreal to Quebec. ... 34 

The Saint Lawrence, from 
Quebec to the Saguenay , 55 



PAGE 

The Saguenay 55 

The Saint Lawrence, from 

Montreal to Eangsti^m .. . 62 

The Ottawa 58 



PAGE 

Commercial 81 

Educational 78 

Literary 80 

Population. 76 



PAGE 

Religious 77 

Value of Gold and Silver 
Coins B2 



INDEX. 



INDEX TO MONTREAL. 



PAGE 

Description of the Island. . 5 

of the City.... 7 

Banks 16 

Benevolent Institutions... 21 

Book Stores 22 

Cab and Caleche Hire 9 

Colleges and Schools 17 

Churches 10 

Daguerreotype Rooms. ... 22 

Hotels, (fee 19 

Lodges, Masonic and Odd 

Fellows 26 

Literary and Mercantile 

Associations 25 

Markets 16 

Medical and Surgical Insti- 
tutions 27 



PAGE 

Municipal Government. ... 9 

National Societies 26 

Newspapers & Periodicals . 29 

Nunneries 18 

PoHce 9 

Public Buildings 10-19 

Offices 27 

" Squares, <fec 23 

Railroads 23 

Religious Societies 26 

Stage, Steamboat, and Rail- 
road Offices and Fares . . 
Statistics of the City and 

County 

Streets, The Principal. . 



31 



Wharves 22 



MONTREAL ADVERTISEMENTS. 



PAGE 

Booksellers 83 

Daguerreotype Rooms. ... 85 

Dry Goods Stores 86 

Furriers and Hat Manufac- 
turers 88 

Hotels 91 



PAGE 

Jewellers & Watchmakers . 89 
Merchant Tailors and Cloth 

iers 92 

Musical Warehouses 93 

Printer and Publisher 94 

Diocesan Female School. . 95 



INDEX TO QUEBEC. 



PAGE 

Description of the City. . . 35 

Banks 45 

Benevolent Institutions ... 47 

Cab and Caleche Hire 36 

Churches 40 

Citadel 39 

Colleges and Schools 43 

Consuls 43 

Fortifications 40 

Hospitals 42-43 

Hotels 47 

Literary and Mercantile In- 
stitutions 46 

Lunatic Asylum 46 

Medical and Surgical So- 
cieties 47 

Municipal Government 36 



PAGE 

National Societies 46 

Newspapers and Periodi- 
cals 48 

Notabilities in the vicinity 

of Quebec 52 

Nunneries 42 

Police 36 

Public Buildings 42 

'' Offices, <fec 49 

" Squares, &c 39 

Railroads 45 

Religious Societies 47 

Stage and Steamboat Offi- 
ces and Fares 48 

Statistics of Trade 52 

Streets, The Principal 38 



THK 

STRANGERS' GUIDE. 



THE ISLAND OF MONTREAL 

Is the largest and most fertile island belonging to Can- 
ada, and is generally considered as the garden of the 
Lower Province. Its soil is in most parts excellent, and 
it produces nearly every kind of grain, fruit and vegeta- 
ble in perfection. The general surface of the Island is 
level, with the exception of the Mountain near the City ; 
it is, however, diversified by several gentle ridges, having 
a tendency from N. E. to S. W., which are designated 
Coteaux. Mount Royal, or the Mountain, which over- 
looks the riity, consists of two distinct hills, between 
which one of the leading avenues into it passes. There 
are roads also by which the circuit of either or both 
mountains can be made, and which, from the very beau- 
tiful scenery they present, are favourite drives with the 
tourist or seeker of recreation. The base of the Moun- 
tain is adorned with many beautiful villas, and the choic- 
est orchards of the whole island, or indeed of Lower 
Canada, are those which are situated around it, the fruit 
being of the most delicious flavour, and greatest luxuriance 
of yield. The island is divided into ten parishes, viz : 
The Parish of the City of Montreal, which 
comprehends the City proper, the Cotes de la Visitation 
St. Joseph, Notre Dame des Neiges, and St. Pierre, to- 
gether with parts of St. Paul and St. Catherines ; the 



6 THE strangers' GUIDE. 

isle of St. Paul, at the mouth of River St. Pierre, and 
the Isle aux Herons. Cote des Neiges is a neat, thriv- 
ing village, containing several tanneries and stores, and 
a chapel. 

The Parish of St. Laurent, comprehends Cotes St. 
Laurent and St. Michel, with part of Notre Dame des 
Vertus. The handsome village of St. Laurent contains 
a number of stores, and a large Parish Church. 

The Parish of Sault au Recollect, situated on 
the Back River, or Riviere des Prairies, contains a neat 
village of the same name, a fine church, and several 
■valuable saw and corn mills. 

The Parish of St. Genevieve, is situated at the ex- 
treme N. W. of the Island, opposite Isle Bizard, and 
has nothing remarkable to speak of. 

The Parish of Lachine, contains the large and thriv- 
ing village of that name ; it is an extensive Parish, ex- 
tending nearly eight miles along the St. Lawrence, and 
has many excellent farms, orchards and gardens. 

The Parish of Polnte Claire, extends from the 
Parish of Lachine, along the river, and includes part of 
Isle Perrot. 

The Parish of Longue Poixte, commences at the 
Eastern boundary of the Parish of Montreal, and extends 
to that of Point aux Trembles, extending in depth hack 
to the centre of the Island ; there are many rich farms 
in this Parish. 

The Parish of Point aux Trembles, extends from 
the last named to the upper end of Isle Therese, and 
includes the whole of the lower part of the Island, which 
fronts the St. Lawrence. The village of the same name 
is a neat place of 70 or 80 houses, and is much frequent- 
ed by visitors from the city. 

The Parish of Riviere des Prairies, contains the 



m 





MONTREAL. 7 

whole of the Cote St. Joseph, and, as its name implies, 
fronts on the river of the same name. 

The Parish of St. Anne, embraces the whole upper 
end of the island, and also the upper part of Isle Perrot ; 
it contains the pleasant village of St. Anne, and posses- 
ses many good farms and orchards. 

The greatest length of the island is thirty-two miles, 
and its breadth ten miles, and the population, including 
the City of Montreal, is about 80,000 souls. The City 
of Montreal sends two, and the remainder of the island 
one Member, to the Provincial Parliament. 

The distances of the principal places upon the Island, 
from the centre of the City, are as follows, viz : — 

Abord a Plouffe, 9 miles. 

Cote des Neiges, 3 " 

Lachine,.... 9 " 

Longue Pointe, 6 " 

Point aux Trembles, 9| " 

Pointe Claire, 16^ « 

Sault au Pwecollect, 7^ « 

St. Laurent, 6| « 

St. Anne, 22 « 

St. Genevieve, 18 « 

The City of Montreal, the largest and most 
populous City in British North America, is situated upon 
the Island of the same name, in latitude 45° 3r North, 
and longitude 73° 34' West from Greenwich. Includ- 
ing the Suburbs, it covers an ai:ea of about 1020 acres, 
of which the ground within the line of the old fortifica- 
tions does not comprise much over a tenth part. 

The City was founded by M. de Maissonneuve in 
1642 on the site of an Indian Village, named Hochelaga, 
and for a long period bore the name of Yille Marie^ 



8 

having been dedicated lo the Virgin Maiy as its patroness 
and protector. 

It is laid out in the form of a parallelogram, 
with the streets, which are 200 in number, intersecting 
each other at right angles. Notre Dame Street, which 
is the principal street for retail business, is over three 
quarters of a mile in length, and has many elegant shops. 
Great St. James Street, is elegant and spacious, and 
is occupied principally by the Banks and Insurance 
Companies. St, Paul Street, is over three quarters of 
a mile long, the west end of it, and the streets which 
intersect it, being mostly taken up with wholesale ware- 
houses. Water Street, Commissioners Street, and 
Common Street, face on the Fuver St. Lawrence, the 
entire length of the City, and exhibit a splendid frontage, 
principally of cut-stone warehouses, which has a very 
imposing effect. McGill Street, extends northwards 
from the River to the Hay-market Square ; it is a wide 
and handsome street^ most of the houses being of cut- 
stone, and a large retail business is carried on in it. St. 
Antoine Street, Mountain Street, West Dorchester 
Street, Sherhrooke Street, and the Streets and Squares 
on Beaver Hall, have many beautiful private residences 
and villas upon them, and are considered the most 
fashionable part of the city. 

Being at the head of Ship Navigation her local 
advantages for the purposes of trade are numerous, 
and they will be greatly increased when the lines 
of Rail-road to Portland and Quebec are completed, of 
which there is an early prospect. From whatever side 
the City is approached, the scene is one of much interest ; 
if from the St. Lawrence, the splendid towers of the 
Cathedral, the tall spires of Christ Church, St. Patrick's 
Church, and several others ; the elegant front of the 



Montreal. 9 

Bonsecours Market, and the long ranges of cut-stone 
buildings which front the River, form at once a tout 
ensemble which is perhaps unequalled in any other 
American City. And although the prospects from the 
land side are not quite so imposing, they are all agreea- 
ble, and that from Cote des Neiges road, (which crosses 
the spur of the Mountain that overlooks the City,) is, 
taken altogether, one of the finest in this part of the 
world. 

The population of the City is nearly 60,000, and the 
number of inhabited houses about 7,500 ; it is divided 
into nine wards, and is municipally governed by a Mayor, 
Aldermen, and Council, elected by householders, who 
pay an annual rent of $45 or upwards, or persons who 
own real estate, producing half that amount of rent 
annually. 

The Police of the City consists of a Police Magistrate, 
a Chief of Police, two Chief Constables, and fifty men ; 
and the Fire Brigade, of a Chief Engineer, two Assistant 
Engineers, six Fire Engines, and a Hook, Ladder, and 
Hose Company. 

To prevent imposition upon strangers, the rates of 
fare for Cabs or Caleches, as settled by a By-law of 
the City Council, are given, and every driver of such a 
vehicle is bound to keep a card with the same upon it 
to be exhibited to passengers. 

FARES OF CABS AND CALECHES. 
S. d. 

For conveying one or two persons 
from any one place to any 
other place, within the city 
hmits, and returning, (provided 
the time occupied does not ex- 
ceed half an hour,) 10 or 17 cents. 



10 THE strangers' GUmE. 

For every person over two, 5d. each 
extra, or 9 cents. 

If the time exceeds half an hour. 

For the first hour, 2 or 40 cents. 

For each subsequent hour, 1 6 or 30 cents. 

And at the same rale for interme- 
diate quarters of an hour : 

From the Longueuil ferry to the 
Lachine railroad station, for 1 
or 2 persons, 1 3 or 25 cents. 

From the Longueuil ferry to the 
Lachine railroad station, for 3 

or more persons, 1 10.^ or 37^ cents. 

The climate, although severe in winter, is exceedingly 

conducive to health and longevity, and the average mor- 
tality is much less than in many other cities of North 

America. 

The Public Buildings are both numerous and elegant j 

and include many which are particularly worthy of 

notice, among which we may enumerate : 

ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHES. 

The Parish Church, or Church of Notre Dame. 
— The corner-stone of this magnificent edifice, which 
is built in the perpendicular Gothic Style of the Middle 
Ages, was laid on the third September, 1824, and it was 
opened for public worship in July, 1829. The length 
of the Church is 255 feet 6 inches, and its breadth 134 
feet 6 inches. The height of the principal towers is 
220 feet, and of the others 115 feet each, and the great 
window at the high altar is 64 feet in height, by 32 feet in 
breadth. The total number of pews is 1,244, capable 
of seating between six and seven thousand persons. In 
the North West tower is a fine chime of bells, and \m 




Trencli Ctiin'cK 



lilt 





"Wesley-an 'CtiiircK 



MONTREAL. IT 

the N. E. tower is placed the largest bell in America, 
being one cast expressly for this Church, which weighs 
29,400 lbs. Adjoining this Church, a wing of the new- 
building for the Seminary of St. Sulpice has been 
recently erected, and the plan, when completed, will 
add greatly to the appearance of this part of the City. 

St. Patrick's Church. — This large and command- 
ing edifice is built in the Gothic Style of the 15th century. 
It stands upon an elevated site, and is one of the most 
striking objects visible on approaching the City. The 
extreme length is 240 feet, the breadth 90 feet, and the 
height of the spire 225 feet. The interior is comfortably 
fitted up, and there is room to seat about 5,000 persons. 

The other Roman Catholic Churches in the City are: 

St. James' or the Bishop's Church, on St. Denis 
street, which is a very handsome building, capable of 
seating about three thousand persons ; contiguous to this 
Church, on St. Catherine street, is an elegant Episcopal 
residence recently erected for the Roman Catholic Bishop. 

The Recollect Church on west Notre Dame street^ 
and the Bonsecours Church on St. Paul street, are 
commodious stone buildings, which will seat about 2000 
persons each, and there are also Chapels attached to the 
different Nunneries, to the College on College street, and 
the Jesuit College on Bleury street. 

There are several fine paintings by celebrated masters 
in the Parish Church, and the Bishop's Church. And 
also in the Chapels attached to the different Nunneries.. 

THE PROTESTANT CHURCHES ARE, 
CHURCH OF ENGLAND. 

The Cathedral of Christ Church on Notre Dame 
street, which is a handsome stone building with a front 



12 THE strangers' GumE. 

of the Doric order, and a spire of 20-t feet in height. 
The Church is 132 feet in length by 80 feet in width, and 
will accommodate about 3000 persons. The interior is 
fitted up in a neat and simple style, and the Church has 
one of the best organs in America. The Bishop of 
Montreal, the Right Rev. Francis Fulford, D. D., gene- 
rally officiates here, and the present Rector is the Rev., 
John Bethune, D. D. 

St. George's Church, on St. Joseph street. This 
is a very neat building, erected in the style of the 13th 
century, at a cost of about JB3000. The interior is fitted 
up in a chaste and elegant manner, and it has an excel- 
lent organ. The size is 100 feet in length by 56 feet in 
width, and it will seat about 1400 persons. The Rev. 
W. T. Leach, D. C. L., and the Rev. Wm. Bond, are 
the officiating Clergymen here. 

St. Ann's Church, Ann street, Griffintown, is 
designed in the same style as St. George's, but with 
somewhat less pretension. The interior is arranged in 
a neat and comfortable manner, and a part of the seats 
are free. The ground-plan is 100 feet by 55 feet, and 
it will seat over 1200 persons. The Rev. J. Ellegood is 
the officiating Clergyman. 

Trinity Church, on St. Paul street, is a neat build- 
ing erected at the expense of the late Major Christie ; 
its size is 75 by 44 feet, and it will seat about 800 per- 
sons. The Rev. A. D. Campbell is the present Minister. 

St. Thomas's Church, on St. Mary street, is a neat 
building which was built at the sole expense of Thomas 
Molson, Esq. ; it is comfortably fitted up and will seat over 
800 persons. Rev. John Irwin, officiating Clergyman. 

There is also a small Church at Hochelaga or the 
Cross, at which the services are conducted by the Rev. 
INIr. Rogers. 




ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH, BEAVER HALL. 



14 

CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. 

St. Andrew's Church, on Beaver Hall, is a beauti- 
ful specimen of the Gothic Style of Architecture, and 
an ornament to the City, which has been recently erected 
by the congregation, formerly worshipping at the Church 
of the same name in St. Peter street. Its dimensions 
are 90 by 65 feet ; the interior is well arranged and 
handsomely fitted up, and the Church will accommodate 
about 1000 persons. Rev. Alex. Mathieson, D. D., 
Minister. 

St. Paul's Church, on St. Helen street, is also in 
the Gothic Style of Architecture, and is a handsome 
edifice, which will accommodate about 800 persons. The 
interior is neatly fitted up in the Grecian Style. Pwev. 
R. McGill, Minister. 

FREE CHURCH. 

CoTt. Street Church, is a neat building recently 
erected, and comfortably fitted up, it will seat about 800 
persons. Rev. Donald Fraser, Minister. 

St. Gabriel Street Church, is a plain stone 
building, which will seat about 800 persons, there is no 
regular Minister attached to it at present. 

WESLEYAN. 

The Great St. James' Street Church, is an elegant 
building, erected in the Florid Gothic Style of the 14th 
century, and is one of the greatest ornaments of the 
City. Its size is 111 by 73 feet, and it will seat about 
2500 persons. The arrangement of the interior is 
unique and beautiful, the pulpit especially, being a fine 
specimen of the Carved Gothic Style. The building 
was erected at a cost of about £12,500. 



»4 









S-^ PAUL'S SCOTCH CHURCH. 




BAPTIST CHAPE 



MONTREAL. 15 

St. Ann's Chapel, Griffintown, is also a handsome 
building in the Gothic Style of Architecture, which will 
seat about 1500 persons, and 

St. Mary's Chapel, Montcalm street, is a neat build- 
ing in the Grecian Style of Architecture, which will seat 
about 500 persons. 

congregational. 

The Radegonde Street Church, of which the Uev. 
H. Wilkes, D. D., is Minister, is a neat building in the 
Doric Style, which will seat over 1000 persons, the in- 
terior being handsomely fitted up. 

The Gosford Street Church, is also a fine building 
in the Grecian Style, which will seat about 900 persons. 
Rev. F. H. Marling, Minister. 

The other Protestant Churches are — 

The American Presbyterian Church, a neat cut- 
stone building, and comfortably fitted up, is situated at 
the west end of Great St. James street ; it has an excel- 
lent organ and a good choir, and will seat over 1000 
persons. Rev. J. McLoud, Minister. 

The United Secession Church, Corner of La- 
gauchetiere and St. George's streets, Rev. W. Taylor, D. 
D., Minister, is a plain substantial cut-stone building, 
recently erected, which will seat over 1000 persons. 

The Baptist Church, St. Helen street, is a neat 
cut-stone building, which will seat about 500 persons. 
Rev. A. F. Spalding, Minister. 

The Unitarian Church, Beaver Hall, is a hand- 
gome building in the Grecian Doric Style ; it is neatly and 
comfortably fitted up, has a fine organ, and will seat 
about 600 persons. Rev. John Cordner, Minister. 

There is also a Jewish Synagogue, in Chenneville 
street, which is a neat cut-stone building, the interior 



16 THE strangers' GUIDE. 

being beautifully fitted up in the Egyptian Style. Rev. 
A. De Sola, Minister. 

The other Public Buildings most conspicuous are — 

The Bank of Montreal, Place d'Armes, which is 
an elegant cut-stone building of the Corinthian Order. 

The Bank of British North America, Great St. 
James' street, a fine cut-stone building in the Composite 
Style of Architecture. 

The City Bank, Place d'Armes, a handsome cut- 
stone building in the Grecian Style of Architecture. 

The Commercial Bank, Great St. James street, a 
neat cut-stone building in the Grecian Doric Style. 

The Banque du Peuple, is a fine cut-stone building, 
on Great St. James street. 

The Bonsecours Market, on St. Paul and Water 
streets, is a magnificent pile of building in the Grecian 
Doric Style of Architecture, which has been erected at 
a cost of about ^60,000, and is equal, if not superior, 
to any thing of the kind in America. The offices of the 
Corporation, and principal Police Station, are here, and 
the large hall in the East Wing, whicb is let out occa- 
sionally for Assemblies, Concerts, &c., will seat nearly 
4000 persons. 

The New St. Ann's Market, on Foundling street, 
is a neat brick edifice, well adapted for the purpose for 
which it was designed. It has been recently opened, 
and was built at a cost of about J63000. 

The New Court House, on Notre Dame street, 
now in course of erection, will be a splendid pile of cut- 
stone building in the Grecian Ionic Style, the ground- 
plan is 300, by 140 feet, and the height 70 feet. The 
order of architecture followed being the same as that of 
the Temple of lllysus, which is one of the finest speci- 
mens of Grecian Art, 




CHRIST'S CHURCH (EPISCOPAL.) 



MONTREAL. 17 

The Jail, at the east end of St. Mary street, is a 
substantial pile of stone buildings, surrounded by a wall j 
the erection of the buildings, though not yet finished, 
has cost over ^£30,000. 

The General Hospital, on Dorchester street, is an 
elegant and commodious cut-stone building, which forms 
a prominent object as the City is approached from the 
South or East. The management of the Institution is 
admirable, and it has been the means of an immense 
amount of benefit to the poor of the City. 

M'GiLL College, is beautifully situated at the base of 
the Mountain. This establishment owes its origin to 
the liberality of the late Hon. Jas. M'Gill, who bequeathed 
the estate of Burnside and £10,000 for its endowment. 
Its School of Medicine bears a high reputation, and the 
other departments are also in a rapidly progressive state 
of improvement, under the able superintendence of the 
Rev. Dr. Leach, the present Vice-principal, and pro- 
fessor of Classical Literature and Divinity. 

The High School, on Belmont street, Beaver Hall, 
is a beautiful stone building in the Tudor Style of Archi- 
tecture. It is under the management of Mr. H. A. 
Howe, assisted by several accomplished masters, and 
has a large number of pupils. 

The Roman Catholic College, on College street, 
is a plain substantial pile of buildings, well suited to the 
purposes for which it was designed. Pwev. A. Nercam, 
principal. 

St. Mart's (Jesuit) College, is situated between 
Bleury and Alexander streets ; it is a large and handsome 
pile of stone building, just erected, and is under the care 
of the Rev. Father Martin, and several assistants. 

The Baptist College, at the west end of Dorches- 
ter street, is a fine stone building in a commanding sit- 



18 THE strangers' GUIDE. 

nation. It was erected at a cost of over £1000, but is 
not at present used for tlie purposes for which it was 
buih. 

The Theatre Royal, Cote street, is a neat brick 
building lately erected, which is handsomely fitted up 
in the interior, and will accommodate about 1500 per- 
sons. 

The Water Works, Notre Dame street, is a plain, 
neat and useful pile of building, erected for the purpose 
of supplying the City with water, which is forced up 
from the river by steam power into two reservoirs, which 
will contain about half a milhon of gallons. The works 
are now under the management of the Corporation of 
the City. 

nunneries. 

Of these there are three, viz : 

1st. The Grey Nunnery, on Foundling street, 
founded in 1692, for the care of Lunatics and Found- 
lings. 

2nd. The Black, or Congregational Nunnery, 
Notre Dame street, founded in 1659, for the education 
of young females. 

And 3rd. The Hotel Dieu Nunnery, on St. Joseph 
and St. Paul streets, founded in 3644, for the reception 
of sick and diseased persons. 

Of these establishments, it is only necessary to say, 
that they are admirably arranged and governed, are 
instrumental in doing an immense amount of good, as 
witness the untiring exertions of the good Sisters, during 
the prevailing sickness of 1847, principally among the 
poor emigrants, when a number of these really Christian 
ladies fell victims to their devotion to the sacred cause 
of charity and humanity. 



CUSTOM HOUSE 




WATER WORKS 



1 




! 




i¥i 


^^^^H 


m 9^^Sl&^W^^^^ 


!lJllfl!!!lIll!Il«M«lllllM 






■ 


|^f^^~ 


^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B? 


\, ■ ,' "^' ■ ■ — ' - '" '.--J 1 



GOVERNMENT HOUSi 



MONTREAL. 19 

Strangers wishing to see the interior of the Nunneries 
should apply for permission to the Lady Superior of 
each, which is almost invariably granted to persons of 
respectability, when properly applied for. 

Nelson's Monument, Notre Dame Street, and 
THE McTavish Monument at the foot of the 
Mountain, are generally visited by strangers ; indeed 
the first named cannot fail to be so, as it is in the very 
heart of the City. It is at present much dilapidated, 
but we believe will be speedily repaired. 
The remaining Public Buildings worthy of notice are — 
The Old Government House, Notre Dame street. 
The Barracks, Water street. 

The Protestant Orphan Asylum, St. Catherine street. 
The Bon Pasteur Nunnery, Sherbrooke street. 
The Christian Schools, Vitre street. 
The British and Canadian School, Cote street. 
The National School, Bonsecours street. 
The Custom House, St. Paul street, 
The Odd Fellows' Hall, Great St. James street. 

THE PRINCIPAL HOTELS IN THE CITY ARE 

The Hay's House, on Dalhousie Square and Notre 
Dame Street. This splendid pile of buildings was 
originally intended for a Masonic Hall and Theatre Royal, 
but has been converted to its present use. It has one 
of the finest ball-rooms in America, where there are 
proinenades. musicale every week during the summer. 
The house is under the able management of Mr. Pope, 
and is a favourite resort of American Travellers. 

The St. Lawrence Hall, Great St. James street, 
is a noble edifice in the centre of the City. It is under 
the management of Messrs. Vardon and Hogan, has a 



20 



THE strangers' GUIDE. 



splendid concert and ball-room, and is fitted up in a style 
of comfort and elegance not surpassed in Canada. The 
spirited cut below represents the front of this house. 




ST. LAWRENCE HALL, GREAT ST. JAMES STREET. 



The Ottawa Hotel, Great St. James street, is a 
handsome and comfortable house ; it is conducted by Mr. 
Browning, formerly of Coteau Landing, long and favour- 
ably known to travellers, and is a central and desir- 
able place of residence. 

The Canada Hotel, St. Gabriel street, is a large, 
central, and comfortable house, conducted by the gen- 
tleman who formerly managed it for Madame St. Julien. 

Donegana's Hotel, Notre Dame street, is an 
excellent house, in a fine situation, and offering every 
desirable comfort to travellers. It is now leased by 
Madame St. Julien, and is under the able management 
of Mr. J. H. Daley, long and favourably known as a 
hotel keeper. 

The Montreal House, Custom-house Square, is 
beautifully situated opposite the steamboat wharf, afford- 
ing a fine view of the Ptiver. It is an excellent house, 
and is well and favorably known to travellers ; it is now 



MONTREAL. 



n 



conducted by Mr. J. W. Coleman, formerly of Troy 
N. Y. The subjoined spirited cut represents this house 
and part of Custom-house square. 




MONTREAL HOUSE. 

The following Hotels are also pleasantly situated and 

offer good accommodations to travellers or permanent 

boarders, viz : 

Adelphi Hotel, W. C. Cogan, Place d'Armes. 

Eagle Hotel, Temperance House, F. Duclos, College 
street. 

Exchange Coffee House, F. P. Levine, St. Paul street. 

Grant's Hotel, John Grant, St. Henry street. 

London Commercial Hotel, Isaac Moffatt, 64 Commis- 
sioners street. 

Mack's Hotel, John Mack, St. Paul street. 

People's Hotel, John C. Cullen, 207 Notre Dame street. 

Rail Road Hotel, T. Moore, 100 Bonaventure street. 

St. James' House, John Orr, Great St. James street. 

Western Hotel, John J. Hev^^itt, M'Gill street. 

B 



22 THE strangers'^ Guro^ET. 

At Dolly's Chop House, Great St. James street, 
at G'Meara^s, (late Compain's), Restaurant, Place 
d'Armes, and at the Shahspeare Inn, St. Francois Xavier 
street, the lovers of good cheer will usually find it in the 
greatest variety, and at all hours. 

There are also numerous Inns and private Boarding 
houses, at which all classes of travellers can be ac- 
commodated in a style commensurate with the charges 
made. For particulars of which see " the Montreal 
City Directoiy." 

The traveller, who is desirous of wiling an hour away 
by perusing the popular Hterature of the day, or matter 
of a more serious nature, will find an ample assortment 
of either at the stores of B. Dawson, Place d'Armes, 
C. Bryson, and R. & A. Miller, St. Francois Xavier 
street, R. Chalmers, J. M<Coy, and J. Milne, Great 
St. James street, D. & J. Sadlier, Notre Dame street^ 
and E. R. Fabre & Co., St. Vincent street. Nor 
should those who desire to avail themselves of the 
opportunity of procuring a superior daguerreotype 
likeness of themselves or their friends, who are visiting 
the city, fail to call at the rooms of Mr. Doane, No. 2 
Place d'Armes, where they will see hundreds of the 
finest specimens of that elegant and wonderful art, that 
have ever been exhibited. 

The Wharves op the City, which are constructed 
in, a manner unequalled upon this continent, are worthy 
of all commendation, and cannot fail to surprise visitors, 
who have been accustomed to nothing but the frail 
wooden structures of that nature, so common in 
America. 

The LrACHiNE Canal, with its Locks and Basins, 
is another of those Public Works of which our fair City 
may well be proud, nor is there in America, (we speak 




COLLECT CHURCH. 



MONTREAL. 'Z6 

advisedly) any canal structure to equal them ; no 
stranger should pass through Montreal without visiting 
these works. 

The Champlain and St. Lawrence E-ailroad, 
commences at South Montreal opposite the City, and 
connects with the American lines to Boston and New 
York at Rouse's Point, a distance of 42 miles. This 
road is now completed, and the cars run daily. — Office, 
66 Commissioners street. 

The Lachine Railroad, connects the City, by a 
line of road nine miles in lengthj^ with the village of 
that name ; it is a pleasant excursion, and can be made 
back and forwards in a short time, and at a trifling cost. 
The continuation of this road from Caughnawaga till 
it connects with the Ogdensburg road at Moers, is now 
in progress, and the whole line will be known as " The 
Montreal and New York Railroad." — Office, Bona- 
venture street. 

The St. Lawrence and Atlantic Pvailroad, to 
connect Montreal with the city of Portland, a distance of 
293 miles, is now complete as far as Melbourne, a dis- 
tance of 71 miles, to which cars run daily, and is ex- 
pected to be opened throughout, in the course of ano- 
ther year. A line from Quebec to Melbourne, a dis- 
tance of 100 miles, is also in course of construction, and 
will probably be completed in 1854. — Office, 18 Little 
St. James street. 

The Champ de Mars is a favourite promenade for 
citizens or strangers, and frequently, during the summer 
evenings, the fine bands of the Regiments in Garrison, 
dispense their enlivening strains to the surrounding 
multitude. 

The Place d'Armes, is the square opposite the 
French Church. It has been lately planted with trees, 



•snrrounded with a handsome iron raihng, and a fountain 
:placed in the centre of it. 

Jacques Cartier Square, extending from opposite 
the Court House on Notre Dame street to the River, is 
also to be adorned with trees, a fountain, and ornamen- 
tal railing, and the Nelson Monument, which stands at 
the head of it, is to be renovated and heightened, which 
will render it one of the most attractive places in the 
City. 

Dalhousie Square, is at the east end of Notre Dame 
and St. Paul streets. The offices of the Commander 
of the Forces, and Royal Engineers are here, and " the 
Hays House" also fronts upon it. This square is to be 
planted with ornamental trees shortly. 

Richmond Square, at the west end of St. Antoine 
street. Phillip''s Square and Beaver Hall Square, 
on Beaver Hall, and Paptneau Square, at the east end 
of St. Mary street, are the remaining public squares of 
the city. 

A handsome Boulevard, to extend along the base of 
the Mountain, has been recently projected, and will 
probably be carried into effect in a short time. 

St. Helen's Island is also a most delightful spot, 
looking, as it does, hke a gem set in the clear w^aters of 
the river. 

The Great and Little Mountains, behind the 
City, cannot be overlooked in our catalogue of the 
agremens of Montreal, and no traveller should pass 
through the City without driving at least once round 
them. 

Another favourite Drive in the immediate vicinity, 
is to Longue Point, and if desirous of a more extended 
tour on the Island, the excursions to Point aux Trem- 
bles, Sauh au Recollect, or St. Anne, will be found highly 



MONTREAL, 



25 



agreeable, and a visit to the Beloeil Mountains on the 
south side of the Saint Lawrence, will be found amply 
to repay for the time or toil necessary. 




PROPOSED AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 

Great attention has been paid to the development of 
the resources of Canada within the last few years, and 
the present administration have decided upon having a 
Bureau of Agriculture, in connexion with the Executive 
Government. As a part of this plan it is proposed to 
establish an Agricultural College or Seminary, where 
the practical as well as theoretical parts of the science 
of agriculture will be thoroughly taught ; and the cut 
herewith presented is that of the proposed buildings to 
be erected for the purpose, the probability being that the 
site will be in the immediate vicinity of Montreal. 

THE LITERARY AND MERCANTILE ASSOCIATIONS 
ARE: 

Advocates' Library, Court-house. 
Agricultural Society, 25 Notre Dame street. 
Board of Trade, 11 St. Sacrament street. 
Institute Canadien, Place d'Armes. 



26 THE strangers' guide. 

Mechanics' Institute, 46 Great St. James street. 
Mercantile Library, 33 Great St. James street. 
Merchants' Exchange, Odd Fellows' Hall, Great St. 

James street. 
Natural History Society, 10 Little St James street. 

THE NATIONAL SOCIETIES ARE: 

The St. George's Society. 
The St. Andrew's Society. 
The St. Patrick's Society. 
The St. Jean Baptiste Society. 
The German Society. 

There are several Masonic Lodges in the City. 
And there are also numerous lodges of Odd Fellows ; 
those in connection with Great Britain have their Hall 
in St. Gabriel street, and those who receive visitors 
from the United States have their Hall in Great St. 
James street. The Bechabite Society have also 
several Tents, their places of meeting being the old Mer- 
chants' Exchange, St. Joseph street, and the Rechabite 
Hall, Great St. James street. 

THE RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES ARE : 

The Incorporated Church Society. 

The Bible Society. 

The Religious Tract Society. 

The Wesleyan Methodist Sunday School Society. 

The Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 

The French Canadian Missionary Society. 

The Young Men's Christian Knowledge Society. 

The Canada Sunday School Union. 

The Friendly Union. 

The Strangers' Friend Society. 

The Catholic Institute. 



MONTREAL^ 



27 



THE BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS, BESIDES THOSE 
ALREADY ENUMERATED ARE : 

The Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum, Notre Dame 
street, adjoining the Recollect Church. 

Montreal Lying-in Hospital. 

The Ladies' Benevolent Society, 92 Mountain street. 

University Lying-in Hospital, St. Charles Borrom^e 
street. 

The Montreal Dispensary, 6 St. George street. 

The Eye Institution, 8 St. Urbain street 

The Protestant Magdalen Asylum, St. Catherine street. 

The Institution for Eye and Ear Diseases, 6 St. Fran- 
cois Xavier street. 

The Asylum for Aged and Infirm Women, St. Cather- 
ine street. 

The Firemen's Benevolent Association. 

The St. Joseph's Infirmar}^, St. Margaret street. 

The Hotel Dieu Hospital, St. Joseph street. 

The St. Patrick's Hospital, Water street. 

The Roman Catholic Magdalen Asylum, Sherbrooke 
street. 

THE MEDICAL AND SURGICAL INSTITUTIONS ARE : 

The Medical School of M'Gill College. 

The College of Physicians and Surgeons, L. C. 

The St. Lawrence School of Medicine. 

The Montreal School of Medicine and Surgery. 

The Medico Chirurgical Society* 

The Pathological Society. 

THE PUBLIC OFFICES, BESIDES THOSE ENUMERATE© 
BEFORE, ARE : 

Adjutant General of the Forces, St. Lewis street. 
Bank of Upper Canada, Great St, James street. 



28 THE strangers'^ GUIIJ>E". 

Barrack Master, Water street. 

Chief Engineer Fire Departirrcnt, "| 

Chief of Poliecj j 

City Clerk, }.Bonsecours Market, 

City Surveyor, St. Paul street. 

City Treasurer,. J 

Clerk of the Peace and Crown, Court-house. 

Collector of Customs, Custom-house, St. Paul street. 

Collector of Canal Tolls, Basin No. 1, Canal. 

Commander of the Forces, Dalhousie Square. 

Commissary General, 53 Notre Dame street. 

Commissioner of Pohce, Court-house, Notre Dame 
street. 

Commissioners for the Harbour of Montreal, 65 Com- 
missioners street. 

Coroners of the District, St, Vincent street and Champ 
de Mars street. 

Emigrant Office, near Canal Ba«in» 

Gas Company, Gabriel street, Griffintown. 

Geological Survey Office, 10 Little St. James street. 

Harbour Master, 65 Commissioners street. 

Imperial Customs, Commercial Chambers, St. Paul 
street. 

Indian Department, old Government-house. 

Inspector of Hospitals, Dalhousie square. 

Inspection of Pot and and Pearl Ashes, College streets 

Marriage Licenses, 3 Molson terrace. 

Mayor of the City, City Hall, Bonsecours Market.. 

Military Secretary, Dalhousie Square. 

Montreal Building Society, 67 Commissioners street. 

Montreal City and District Building Society, Little St. 
James street. 

Montreal Insurance Company, Insurance Company^s 
Buildings, Great St. James streeL 



MONTREAL. 29 

Montreal Mining Company, Insurance Company*s 

Buildings, Great St. James street. 
Montreal Mutual Fire Insurance Company, St Fran9ois 

Xavier street. 
Montreal Telegraph Company, Great St. James street. 
Notarial Board, St. Lawrence Hill. 
Ordnance Department, Water street. 
Police Offices, Bonsecours Market, and corner Craig 

and Bleury streets. 
Post Office, 15 Great St. James street. 
Prothonotary, Court-house, Notre Dame street. 
Quarter Master General, Durham Place, St. Lewis street. 
Registrar of the County, old Government-house. 
Revenue Inspectors, 74- Notre Dame street. 
Hichelieu Navigation Company, 37 Commissioners 

street. 
Royal Engineers, Dalhousie square and St. Lewis street. 
Sheriff, Court-house, Notre Dame street. 
Superintendent of Education, old Government-house. 
Town Major, St. Lewis street. 
Trinity House, 65 Commissioners street. 
Turnpike Trustees, 65 Commissioners street. 

NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS PUBLISHED IN 
MONTREAL. 

Agricultural Journal, (English and French,) John 

Lovell, Printer, St. Nicholas street. — subscription 

5s. per annum. 
Album Litteraire de La Minerve, L. Duvernay, 13 St. 

Vincent street.— subscription, 15s. per annum. 
Cadet, (monthly,) J. C. Becket, Great St. James street, 

subscription Is 3d. per annum. 
Canada Directory, Robert W. S. Mackay, Editor, at 

John Lovell's, 5 St. Nicholas street. — subscription 

15s. per copy. 



30 THE strangers' GUIDE. 

Canada Medical Journal, Monthly, Doctors Macdonnell, 
& David, Editors, John Lovell, Printer, St. Nicho- 
las street. — subscription 15s. per annum. 

Courier, (daily, and tri-weekly,) St. Fran9ois Xavier 
street. — subscriptions 30s. and 15s. per annum. 

French Canadian Missionary Record, (quarterly,) J. C« 
Becket, 22 Great St. James street. 

Gazette, (daily, tri-weekly, and weekly,) J. M. Ferres 
& Co., 20 Great St. James street. — subscriptions, 
30s., 15s., and 5s., per annum. 

Herald, (daily, tri-weekly, and weekly,) D. Kinnear & 
Co., St. Gabriel street. — subscriptions, 30s., 15s., 
and 5s., per annum. 

La Minerve, (French, tri and semi-weekly,) L. Duvernay, 
St. Vincent street. — subscription, 20s. per annum. 

Le Moniteur Canadien, (weekly,) DeMontigny & Co., 
79 St. Paul street. — subscription, 5s. per annum. 

Le Pays, (French, tri-weekly,) J. A. Plinguet, St. 
Therdse street. Publisher, subscription, 20s. per 
annum. 

Le Semeur Canadien, (weekly,) Pvev. M. Cyr, St. 
Therese street. 

Missionary and Sabbath School Record, J. C. Becket, 
22 Great St. James street. 

Montreal City Directory, Robert W. S. Mackay, Editor, 
at John Lovell 's, 5 St. Nicholas street. — subscrip- 
tion, 7s. 6d. per copy. 

Melanges Ueligieux, (French Roman Catholic, semi- 
weekly,) St. Denis, near St. Catherine street, — 
subscription, 20s. per annum. 

Pilot, (tri-weekly and weekly,) Rollo Campbell, Place 
d'Armes, — subscriptions,25s. and 7s. 6d. per annum. 

Presbyterian, The, (monthly,) John Lovell, Printer, St. 

» Nicholas street, — subscription, 2s. 6d. per annum* 



MONTREAL. 31 

Sabbath Advocate, (quarterly,) John Lovell, pubhsher, 
St. Nicholas street. 

Snow Drop, (monthly,) R. W. Lay, publisher, Notre 
Dame street. — subscription, 5s. per annum. 

Temperance Advocate, (fortnightly,) J. C. Becket, 22 
Great St. James street. — subscription, 2s. 6d. per 
annum. 

The Life Boat, (monthly,) F. W. Campbell, Place 
d'Armes. — subscription, 2s. 6d. per annum. 

Transcript, (tri-vv^eekly, semi-weekly and weekly,) D. 
McDonald, Hospital street. — subscriptions, 15s., 
10s., and 5s. per annum. 

True Witness and Catholic Chronicle, (weekly,) G. E. 
Clerk, Editor and proprietor, S M'Gill street — sub- 
scription, 10s. per annum. 

Witness, (weekly,) John Dougall, 22 Great St. James 
street. — subscription, lOs. per annum. 

The above prices of subscription are for single sub- 
scribers, and when payment is made in advance. 

STAGE, STEAMBOAT AND RAILROAD OFFICES. 

American Line of Steamers for River St. Law- 
rence and Lake Ontario, W. T. Barron, agent, 24? 
McGill St. — usual cabin fare to C6teau du Lac, 10s., to 
Cornwall, 12s. 6d.,to Prescott, 15s., to Brockville, 17s. 
6d., to Kingston, 20s., to Sacket's Harbour, 30s., to 
Oswego, 35s., to Rochester, 40s., to Niagara Falls, 42s. 
6d., to Buffalo, 45s., to Toronto, 40s., to Hamilton, 45s. 

Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad Office, 
W. A. Merry, secretary, 66 Commissioners st. — fare to 
St. Johns, 5s., to Rouse's Point, 7s. 6d., to New York, 
first class, 25s., second class, 17s. 6d., to Boston, first 
class, 40s., second class, 30s. 

Eastern Townships Stage Office, Vosburgh's 



32 THE strangers' guide. 

hotel, St. Paul st. — fare to Chambly, 3s. 9d., to Granby, 
lis. 3d., to Sherbrooke, 23s. 9d. 

Montreal and Quebec Koyal Mail Steam Boat 
Office, David Torrance, agent, St. Nicholas st. — usual 
cabin fare, 12s. 6d. 

Montreal and Lachine Railroad Office, John 
Farrow, superintendent, Bonaventure st. — first class fare 
to Lachine, Is. lOid., second cla^s. Is. 3d. 

Ottawa and Ontario Steamers, from Montreal to 
Hamilton, David Torrance, agent, St. Nicholas st. — 
usual cabin fare, to Hamilton, 35s., to Toronto, 30s. 

Ottawa Stage Line, in winter, S. Browning, agent, 
Great St. James st. — usual fare to Bytown, 20s. to 25s. 

Quebec Stage Office, in winter, J. R. Giroux, 2 
St. Vincent St., fare to Quebec in winter, 50s., interme- 
diate distances charged at the rate of lOd. per league. 

Richelieu Navigation Company's Steamers, J. 
F. Sincennes, secretary, 37 Commissioners st. — cabin 
fare, to Sorel, 3s. 9d., to Chambly, 5s., to Berthier, 3s. 
9d. 

Rutland and Burlington Railroad Line, H. D. 
Doane, agent, Custom-house square — usual 1st class fare, 
to Boston, 40s., 2nd class, 30s. 

Royal Mail Line of Steamers and Stages to 
Upper Canada, A. Milloy, agent, 40 McGill st. — usual 
cabin fare to Coteau du Lac, 8s. 9d* to Cornwall, 12s. 
6d., to Prescott, 15s., to Brockville, 17s. 6d., to King- 
ston, 20s., to Cobourg or Port Hope, 30s., to Bowman- 
ville, 35s., to Toronto, 40s., to Niagara Falls, 42s. 6d., to 
Hamilton, 45s., to Buffalo, 45s.— stage fare, in winter, to 
C6teau, 10s., to Cornwall, 13s. 9d., to Prescott, 15s., to 
Brockville, 17s. 6d., to Kingston, 35s., to Cobourg, 60s., 
to Toronto, 80s., to Hamilton, 90s. 

Southern and Western Railroad Line, Stephen 



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MONTREAL. 



33 



Holt, agent, Custom-house square, usual fare to Saratoga 
Springs, 1st class, 22s., to Troy, 27s. 6d., to New York, 
30s., 2nd class, to New York, 20s., to Schenectady, 
13s. 9d. 

St. Lawrence and Atlantic Pv^ailroad Office, 
A. C. Webster, secretary, IS^Little St. James st. — not 
yet completed. 

Tate's Daily Line of Steamers to Quebec, A. 
Gundlack, agent, 61 Commissioners st. — usual cabin fare, 
7s. 6d. to 10s. 

Through Line of Steamers, to Hamilton and 
Toronto, C. W., Office, 30^ McGill st.— usual cabin fare, 
to Hamilton, 42s. 6d., to Toronto, 40s., to Kingston, 
20s. 

Vermont Central and Canada Railroad Line, 
Joseph H. Daley, agent, 71 Commissioners st. — usual 
fare to Boston, 40s., to New York, 47s. 6d., to Wor- 
cester, 40s., to Springfield, 37s. 6d. 



STATISTICS OF THE CITY. 

!N'umber of Houses, 7424 

" of Families,... 9990 

" of Males, 27586 

" of Females 30129 

of French Can., 26020 

" of British Can.., 12494 
" of English, Irish 

and Scotch... 17744 

" of Other Coun... 1457 

" of Roman Cath. 41466 

" of Protestants,.. 16196 

" of No Religion,. 55 



Total population of the 

City, 57715 



STATISTICS OF THE 
COUNTY. 

Number of Males 9918 

" of Females,.. . . 9728 
" of French Cana- 
dians, 16507 

" of other Origins, 8039 



Population of the County, 19646 
Population of the City, 57715 



Total pop. of both City 
and County 77361 



Square Miles both City 

and County 197 



34 THE strangers' guide. 

THE RIVER ST. LAWRENCE FROM MONTREAL TO 
QUEBEC. 

In passing down the River St. Lawrence from Montreal 
to Quebec, the steamers make several landing places, 
the first of which is Sorel or William Henry, 45 miles 
below Montreal, at the junction of the River Richelieu, 
(which is the outlet of Lake Champlain), with the St. 
Lawrence. The town is laid out in the form of a 
quadrangle, and has a number of good buildings, the 
principal of which are the Roman Catholic and English 
Churches. Population about 3000. Steamboat fare from 
Montreal, 5s. On leaving Sorel the steamer enters 
TiAKE St. Peter, which is merely an expansion of the 
River, and, except in a narrow channel, navigable for 
vessels of about six hundred tons^ and now in course of 
being improved, so as to admit vessels of eight hundred 
tons ascending to Montreal — it is quite shallow, its length 
is 25 miles, and greatest breadth 9 miles, and there are 
several islands at its western extremity. 

Port St. Francis is situated on the south shore of 
Lake St. Peter, 82 miles below Montreal, it is a place 
of but little importance. 

Three Rivers is one of the oldest settled Towns in 
Canada, having been founded in 1618. It is situated at 
the confluence of the Rivers St. Maurice and St. 
Lawrence, 90 miles below Montreal, and the same 
distance above Quebec. The Town is well laid out, and 
has numerous good buildings, including the Court-house, 
the Roman CathoHc Church, the Ursuline Convent, the 
Enghsh and Wesleyan Churches, and the Jail. There 
are also Barracks for several companies of infantry here. 
Steamboat fare to Montreal or Quebec, 6s. 3d. Popu- 
lation about 4000. Three Rivers returns a Member to 
the Provincial Parliament. 



QUEBEC. 35 

The Falls of Shawanagenne, are situated on the 
Eiver St. Maurice, about 25 miles back of Three Rivers. 
The River here is about 180 feet wide, and is precipi- 
tated over a perpendicular ledge of rock, nearly 200 
feet in height, forming a magnificent cataract, the very- 
existence of which is comparatively unknown. Excel- 
lent fishing is also to be found in the St. Maurice, between 
Three Rivers and the falls. 

St. Leon le grand is a neat Village on the little 
Rividre du Loup, G miles from the Town of that name, 
and 26 miles north west from Three Rivers ; there are 
excellent Mineral Springs here, the waters of which 
have been found an efficacious remedy in numerous 
diseases, and there is a good hotel and several boarding- 
houses. Stage fare from Three Rivers, 7s. 6d. 

Batiscan, 117 miles below Montreal, on the north 
shore of the River, is the last place which the steamers 
stop at before reaching Quebec, it is a place of little 
importance. 



THE CITY OF QUEBEC, 

The present capital of United Canada, is situated on 
the north shore of the River St. Lawrence, in lat. 
46^ 49" North, and long. 71«> 15" West from Green- 
wich. It was founded by Charlevoix, in 1608, on the 
site of an Indian village called Stadaconay and is now 
the second city in British America, its population by 
the census of 1850 being 37365 souls, which at the 
present time has increased to over 42000. The 
form of the city is nearly triangular, the plains of 
Abraham forming the base, and the Rivers St. Law- 



36 

rence and St. Charles the sides. It is naturally, as well 
as artificially, divided into two parts known as the Up- 
per and Lower Towns, the former of which is strongly 
fortified, and includes within its limits the Citadel of 
Cape Diamond, which is known to be the most formi- 
dable fortress in America. The Lower Town is built 
upon a narrow strip of land which runs at the base of 
the Cape and of the high ground upon which the Up- 
per Town stands, and the. suburbs of St. Rochs and St. 
Johns extend along the River St. Charles and to the 
plains of Abraham. Quebec was taken by the British 
and Colonial forces in 1629, but restored to France in 
1632, and was finally captured by the army under Wolfe 
in 1759, and, together with all the French possessions 
in North America, was ceded to Great Britain at the 
peace of 1763. 

The City is divided into six wards, and is governed 
municipally by a Mayor and nineteen Councillors, elec- 
ted by householders paying an annual rent of about 45 
dollars, or owning real estate worth half that amount an- 
nually. 

The Police department consists of a Police Magis- 
trate, a CJiief of Police and 33 men, besides a River 
Police, during the season of navigation, of 28 men, and 
the Fire Brigade consists of an inspector, 8 Engine 
companies, a Hose company, and a Hook and Ladder 
company. 

CAB AND CALECHE STANDS. 

Lower Town. 

St. Paul street, near St. Roch street. 
The Cul de Sac. 

At the junction of the Cul de Sac and Champlain 
streets. 



QUEBEC. 37 

Dalhousie street. 
St. James street. 
Sault au Matelot street, near St. Paul street. 

Upper Town. 
Upper Town Market-place. 
Ste. Anne street, Place d'Armes. 
Palace street. 
St. Stanislas street. 
Dauphin street. 
Glacis street, St. John's ward. 

The Tariff for Cabs, Caliches, &c., as fixed by 
law, is as follows : — 

For a coach or covered carriole drawn by two horses, 
from the steamboat landings, to any place in the Upper 
Town, and vice versd : 
For 1 person, Is. 6d., or 30 cents. 
" 2 persons, 2s., or 40 cents. 
" every additional person, 6d., or 10 cents. 

For a cab or covered carriole drawn by one horse 
from the steamboat landings, to any place in the Upper 
Town, and vice versd : 
For 1 person, Is., or 20 cents. 
^' 2 persons. Is. 3d., or 25 cents. 
" every additional person, 3d., or 5 cents. 
For a caleche or open carriole, as above ; 
For 1 person, 7id., or 12^ cents. 
" 2 persons, lOd., or 17 cents. 

Coach or covered carriole drawn by 2 horses : 
Per hour — 1st hour, 3s., or 60 cents. 

2nd hour, 2s. 6d., or 50 cents. 
Every subsequent hour. Is., or 20 cents. 

Cab or covered carriole drawn by 1 horse : 
Per hour — 1st hour, 2s., or 40 cents. 

2nd hour, Is. 3d., or 25 cents. 
c 



38 THE strangers' guide. 

Every subsequent hour, 9d., or 15 cents. 

Caleche or carriole : 
Per hour — 1st hour, Is. 3d., or 25 cents. 

2nd hour. Is., or 20 cents. 
IE very subsequent hour, 9d., or 15 cents. 

And that this tariff shall only apply to cases in which 
no specific agreement has been entered into between 
the parties. 

Every carter is obliged to exhibit a card of the above 
tariff, under the penalty of 40s. 

There are 174 streets in the city and suburbs, among 
the principal of which are the following, viz : St, John 
STREET, which extends from Fabrique street to St. 
John's Gate, in the Upper Town, and is occupied prin- 
cipally by retail stores, many of which are elegant, and 
display choice stocks of goods and wares of all kinds. 
St. Louis street, is a handsome and well built street, 
extending from the Place d'Armes to St. Louis Gate, 
and is occupied principally by lawyers' offices and pri- 
vate dwellings. D'Auteuil street faces the Espla- 
nade, and the ground where the Artillery are drilled, 
and is an elegant street, mostly of private dwellings. 
Grand Allee or St. Louis, road, outside St. Louis 
Gate, and leading to the Plains of Abraham, is a beauti- 
ful street, on which there are many elegant villa resi- 
dences. St. John street without, is also a fine street, 
occupied by shops and private residences. 

In the Lower Town the principal street is St. Peter 
street, on which, and the wharfs and small streets 
which branch from it, most of the Banks, Insurance 
Companies and merchants' offices are situated ; there are 
also several fine streets in the St. Rochs and St. John's 
suburbs, and the appearance of these quarters of the 
city has been much improved since the great fires of 



<iUEBEC. 3.9 

May and June, 1845, in which nearly two thou- 
sand buildings were destroyed, which have since 
been replaced by others of a very superior description. 
Durham Terrace, in the Upper Town, is a plat- 
form commanding a splendid view of the River and the 
Lower Town. It is constructed on the site of the old 
castle of St. Louis, which was burnt in 1834, and owes 
its erection to the nobleman whose name it bears. 

The Public Garden, fronts on Des Carrieres street, 
Upper Town, and contains an elegant monument which 
was erected to the memory of Wolfe and Montcalm, in 
1827. The total height of the monument is sixty-five 
feet, and its design is veiy chaste and beautiful, nor 
should any stranger leave Quebec without visiting it j 
during the summer the bands of the Regiments in Gar- 
rison play here several evenings each week, and add 
much to the enjoyment of the promenaders. 

The Place d'Armes, is an open piece of ground, 
around which the old Chateau of St. Louis, the Govern- 
ment offices, formerly the St. George's Hotel, the English 
Cathedral, and the Court-house are situated. 

The Esplanade, is a beautiful piece of ground, railed 
off from, and situated between, d'Auteuil street and the 
Ramparts. The various guards of the Garrison are 
mounted here each morning in summer, and it is also 
used as a drill ground by the Royal Artillery. 

The Ramparts, afford a beautiful promenade to the 
citizen or stranger, and from nearly every part of them 
a delightful view of the surrounding scenery can be 
had. 

The Citadel, which is situated on the highest point 
of the land known as Cape Diamond, is, of course, one 
of the most interesting objects to visitors, and those who 
are desirous of seeing it, should make application to the 



40 THE strangers' guide ^ 

Town Major, at the main Guard-house, from whom 
tickets of admission can always be obtained by persons 
of respectability. The area embraced within the fortifi- 
cations of the citadel is over forty acres, and the officers' 
barracks, guard rooms, magazines, bastions, obser- 
vatory, tanks, &c., are each perfect in their kind. A 
regiment of Infantry, and some Artillery, are always 
quartered in the Citadel Barracks. 

The line of Fortifications, enclosing the Citadel 
and the Upper Town, is nearly three miles in length, and 
the guns with which they are mtounted are mostly 3^ 
pounders. There are five gates to the city, three of 
which, Prescott, Palace, and Hope Gates, communicate 
with the Lower Town, and two of which, St. John's 
and St. Louis Gates, communicate with the suburbs of 
the same name. 

There are four Martello Towers, at a distance of 
about three-quarters of a mile from the city, fronting the 
Plains of Abraham, and intended to impede the advance 
of an enemy from thst direction. 

THE CHURCHES IN THE CITY ARE : 

The lloMAN Catholic Cathedral, which fronts upon 
the Upper Town market-place, and which is a large 
and commodious bmlding, but with no great pretensions 
to architecture. The interior is handsomely fitted up, 
and has several fine paintings by the old masters, which 
are well worthy of an inspection, the church will seat 
4000 persons. It has a fine choir and a good organ. 

St. Patrick's Church, on St. Helen street. Upper 
Town, is a neat and comfortable building, having an 
area of 136 by 62 feetf and being capable of seating 
about 3000jBersons. It was erected in 1832. 






St, Romks' Church, on St. Joseph and Churcls 



streets, in the St. Rochs' suburbs, is a large and com- 
modious building, which will seat over 4000 persons. 
There are several good paintings in this church. 

The Church of Notre Dame des Victoires, on 
Notre Dame street, Lower Town, is one of the oldest 
buildings in the city. It has no pretension to architec- 
tural beauty, but is comfortably fitted up in the interior, 
and will seat over 2000 persons. 

The Church of the Congregation, is situated on 
the Cote a Coton, outside of St John's Gate, and there 
is also a chapel attached to the burial ground on De Sa- 
laberry street, St. Louis suburbs. 

PROTESTANT CHURCHES. 

The English Cathedral, is situated between Garden 
street, St. Anne street, and the Place d'Armes, Upper 
Town, and is a handsome edifice, 135 by 75 feet, which 
will seat between three and four thousand persons. 
The church, which was erected in 1804, has an excel- 
lent choir and a good organ, and is neatly fitted up in 
the interior. Adjoining is a handsome residence for the 
Bishop of the Diocese, and the whole is enclosed by a 
parapet wall surmounted by a neat iron railing. The 
Right Rev. G. J. Mountain, D, D., Bishop of Quebec, 
assisted by the Rev. G. Mackie, D. D., and the Rev. 
A. "W. Mountain, B. A., officiates here. 

Trinity Church, situated on St. Stanislas street, 
Upper Town, is a neat cut stone building, erected in 
1824, its size is 74 by 48 feet, and the interior is hand- 
somely fitted up. The Rev. E. W. Sewell, and the 
Rev. C. H. Stewart, officiate here. 

St. Peter's Chapel, is situated on St. Vallier st., St 
Rochs, and is a neat, plain structure, which will seat 
about 500 persoas* Rev. G. Percy, B, A.V^inister. 



42 

St. Paul's, or the Mariners' Chapel, is a small 
building near Diamond Harbour, designed principally 
for seamen. Rev. R. G. Plees, Minister. 

St. Andrew's Church, in connexion with the 
Church of Scotland, is situated on St. Anne st,, Upper 
Town. It was erected in 1810, and enlarged in 1824, 
its dimensions being 95 by 48 feet, the interior is com- 
fortably fitted up, and the Church will seat over 1200 
persons. There is a neat cut stone residence for the 
clergyman, adjoining the Church. Rev. John Cook, D. 
D., Minister. 

St. John's Free Scotch Church, is situated on St. 
Francis st.. Upper Town, it is a neat, plain structure, 
which will seat about 600 persons. Kev. Wm. Park, 
Minister. 

The Wesleyan Chapel, on St. Stanislas st.. Upper 
Town, is a handsome Gothic building, erected in 1850, 
the interior is beautifully fitted up, and it has a good 
organ. It will seat over 1000 persons. 

The Wesleyan Centenary Chapel, is situated on 
D'Artigny st., St. Louis suburbs, and is a plain but sub- 
stantial edifice. 

The Congregational Church, on Palace st.. Upper 
Town, is a neat Gothic building of cut stone, erected in 
1841, and capable of seating about 800 persons. Rev. 
A. C. Geikie, Minister. 

The Baptist Church, on St. Anne st. Upper Town, 
is a neat stone building, which will seat over 600 persons. 
Rev. D. Marsh, Minister. 

THE OTHER PRINCIPAL PUBLIC BUILDINGS ARE: 

The Hotel Dieu, Nunnery, Hospital and Church, 
which front on Palace st.. Upper Town, and with the 
Garden and Cemetery attached, cover an area of about 



QUEBEC. 43 

ten acres. The buildings are spacious and substantial, and 
the Hospital has beds for about 60 sick. The religious 
body consists of a Superior and forty Nuns or Novices. 
The attending Physicians are Drs. Morrin, Nault, 
Sewell and Fremont. There are several fine paintings 
by celebrated masters in the Church and Hospital* 
This Institution w^as founded in 1637 by the Duchess 
D'Aiguillon. 

The General Hospital, situated on the River St. 
Charles, in the St. Roch's ward, was founded by the 
Bishop of Quebec, M. de St. Vallier, in 1693. The 
Hospital, Convent and Church, are a handsome quadran- 
gular pile of stone buildings, well adapted for their designed 
purpose. The religious body consists of a Superior and 
about sixty Nuns and Novices, and there is an excellent 
school for young ladies attached to the Nunnery. 

The Ursuline Convent, situated on Garden st., 
Upper Town, was founded by Madame la Peltrie in 
1641. The buildings consist of the Church and Con- 
vent, both substantial stone edifices, and have a fine 
Garden attached. The religious body is composed of a 
Superior and about sixty Nuns and Novices. There is 
an excellent school here, at which about 150 young 
ladies are usually receiving instruction, besides a school 
for poor children, at which from two to three hundred 
are educated at a very trifling charge. A number of 
fine paintings are to be seen here, and application for 
admission to this and the other Convents should be 
made to the Lady Superior of each. 

The Seminary of Quebec, fronts on St. Famille or 
Hope St. and the Market-place, U.T., and was founded by 
M.de Laval in 1663. The buildings, which are of massive 
grey stone, form three sides of a quadrangle, and have a 
fine Garden in rear. From three to four hundred 



44 THE strangers' GUIDE. 

youths are usually receiving instruction in all that con- 
stitutes a good education here, and the charges are 
exceedingly moderate. The Eev. L. Gingras is the 
present Superior, and there are thirteen Rev. gentlemen 
besides, engaged in the various duties of the establish- 
ment. 

The Parliament House, is situated inside of Prescott 
Gate, at the head of Mountain st., and consists of an 
elegant pile of cut stone buildings, forming three sides of 
a square, and commanding from its rear windows, and 
from the dome which surmounts it, one of the most 
magnificent prospects in America. The finish and deco- 
ration of the interior of the buildings is not yet completed; 
it is the less necessary, however, to say any thing 
regarding this, as it is to be presumed no traveller will 
leave Quebec without visiting the ParUament House. 

The Court House, and the City Hall, are substan- 
tial stone edifices, situated on St. Louis st., Upper 
Town, and well adapted to their respective purposes. 

The Jail, is situated at the corner of St. Anne and 
St. Stanislas sts.. Upper Town, and is a massive, stone 
building, erected at a cost of about ^16000. It is in an 
airy and healthy situation, and is well managed, and 
adapted to the purpose for which it was constructed. 

The Jesuit Barracks, formerly the Jesuit College, 
front on the Upper Town Market-place and St. Anne 
St. They have accommodations for about 1000 men, 
and the fine Parade Ground attached, affords ample 
space for the driUing and manoeuvreing of the troops, a 
sight which can be witnessed almost daily during the 
summer. A batallion of infantry is usually quartered 
here. 

The Marine Hospital, situated on the River St. 
Charles, in the St. Koch's ward, is intended for the use 



QUEBEC. 45 

of Sailors and Emigrants, and is a beautiful stone build- 
ing of four stories, which was erected at a cost of 
je 15000. The Hospital will accommodate about 400 
patients, and is under the supervision of six Government 
Commissioners, of whom Dr. Morrin is President. Drs. 
James Douglas, Painchaud, Hall, Jackson, Robitaille and 
Kowand are the visiting Physicians, and Dr. Lemieux 
the House Surgeon. 

The Lunatic Asylum, is situated at Beauport, 2^ 
miles from Quebec, and is an extensive building, enclosed 
in a park of about 200 acres. It is under the manage- 
ment of Drs. James Douglas, Morrin and Fremont, and 
has been, under Providence, the means of an incalculable 
amount of benefit since its estabhshment in 1845. The 
patients, who are about 175 in number, are divided into 
five classes, and the arrangement of the Asylum generally 
is worthy of the inspection and observation of the phi- 
lanthropist. 

The Quebec and Richmond Railroad, to connect 
the City of Quebec with the Montreal and Portland Rail- 
road at Richmond, a distance of 100 miles, is now in pro- 
gess of construction, and vnll probably be opened in 1854. 

BANKS. 

The Quebec Bank, is situated in the Quebec Fire 
Office building, St. Peter St., Lower Town. 

The Branch Bank of Montreal, is a handsome 
cut stone building on the corner of St. Peter and Arthur 
sts.. Lower Town. 

The Branch Bank of British North America, is 
a chaste, cut stone building, lately erected on St. Peter 
St., Lower Town. 

The Quebec Savings Bank, is situated in the Quebec 
Fire Office building, St. Peter st., Lower Town. 



46 

The Agency of the Bank of Upper Canada, is 
situated in Clouet's buildings, Buade st., Upper Town. 

The Provident and Savings Bank, is situated in 
the Freemasons' Hall, Buade St., Upper Town. 

MERCANTILE AND LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 

The Quebec Exchange, W. Lane, Superintendent, 
Arthur st., Lower Town. 

The Board of Trade, at the Exchange, Arthur St., 
Lower Town. 

The Advocates' Library, Court-house, St. Louis st., 
Upper Town. 

The Canadian Institute, Buade st.. Upper Town. 

The Literary and Historical Society, St. Anne St., 
Upper Town. 

The Quebec Library Association, St. Anne st., Upper 
Town. 

The Mechanics' Institute, Buade st., Upper Town. 

The High School of Quebec, St. Denis st., Upper 
Town. 

FOREIGN CONSULS. 

Hon. George Pemberton, Prussian, Swedish, Norwe- 
gian and United States consul. 

W. H. Tilstone, Portuguese consul. 

Edward Ryan, consul for Hamburg and Bremen, and 
consular agent for France. 

NATIONAL SOCIETIES. 

St. George's Society. 
St. Andrew's Society. 
St. Patrick's Society. 
St. Jean Baptiste Society. 

There are also several Masonic and Odd Fellows' 
Lodges. 



QUEBEC. 47 

MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SOCIETIES. 

College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada, 
Quebec Branch. 

Quebec School of Medicine and^Surgery. 

THE BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS ARE : 

The Quebec Benevolent Society. 

The Friendly Society. 

The Protestant Orphan Asylum. 

The Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum. 

The Military Orphan Asylum. 

The Young Men's Charitable Society. 

The Female Compassionate Society. 

THE RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES ARE : 

The Incorporated Church Society. 
The Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 
The Bible Society. 
The Religious Tract Society. 
The Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society. 
The Roman Catholic Christian Doctrine Society. 
The Roman Catholic Society for the Propagation of 
the Faith. 

THE PRINCIPAL HOTELS ARE : 

The Albion Hotel, Palace street, Upper Town. 
This excellent establishment is under the able manage- 
ment of Mr. Willis Russell, and offers every accommo- 
dation that can be desired by the most fastidious. 

Swords' Hotel, corner of Haldimand and St. Louis 
streets, U. T. This House is now conducted by Mr. P, 
Swords, long and favourably known in Montreal, assisted 
by Mr. W. V. Courtenay, whose able management of 



48 THE strangers' guide. 

Donegana's Hotel in Montreal will be long remembered 
by those who frequented that fine establishment. 

The following are also excellent houses ; 
The City Hotel, 1 Garden street, U. T., by J. Lindsay. 
The Ottawa Hotel, 4 Sault au Matelot street, L. T., by 

E. Melrose. 
The St. Lawrence Hotel, St. Peter street, L. T., by Mrs. 

Proudley. 
Scott's Hotel, St. Peter street, L. T., by George Scott. 

STAGE AND STEAMBOAT OFFICES. 

Royal Mail Line of steamers to Montreal, Robert Shaw, 
agent, Napoleon wharf, cabin fare, 12s. 6d. 

Tate's Steamboat line to Montreal, Lady Elgin and 
Crescent, Gillespie's wharf, L. T., cabin fare, 7s. 6d. 
to 10s. 

Charles Hough, Stage office, 8 St. Anne street, U. T. 
A winter stage line to'Richmond, to meet the Rail- 
road to Montreal by the south shore. 

Montreal, Winter Stage office, by the north shore, 
Michel Gauvin, 20 Couillard street, U. T. 

NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS. 

Canadian Ecclesiastical Gazette, (English,) G. Stanley, 
4 St. Anne street, U. T. 

Gazette, (English,) R. Middleton, 18 Mountain street, 
L. T. 

Le Journal de Quebec, (French,) C6te & Co., 26 Moun- 
tain street, U. T. 

Le Canadien, (French,) E. R. Frechette, 13 Mountain 
street, L. T. 

Mercury, (Enghsh,) T. Cary & Co., head of Buade 
street stairs, U. T. 



QUEBEC. 4.9 

Morning Chronicle, (English,) Charles St. Michel, 25 

Mountain street, L. T. 
Quebec Times, (English,) E. S. Pooler & Brother, 22 

Mountain street, L. T. 
Quebec Directory, Robt. W. S. Mackay, Editor, at John 

Lovell's, 12 Mountain street, L. T. 
Uevue de Legislation et de Jurisprudence, (French,) 

E. R. Frechette, Mountain street, L. T. 

PUBLIC OFFICES AND INSTITUTIONS NOT BEFOEE 
ENUMERATED. 

Agricultural Department, St. Louis street, U. T. 
Attornies General, East and West, Union buildings, 

Race d'Armes, U. T. 
Adjutants General of Mihtia, Union buildings. Place 

d'Armes, U. T. 
Barrack Master, C. Cornwall, St. Ann street, U. T. 
Bankrupt Court, Court-house, St. Louis street, U. T. 
Chief Engineer Fire Department, N. Wells, 23 St. 

Famille street, U. T. 
Chief of Police, R. H. Russell, City Hall, St. Louis 

street, U. T. 
City Hall, St. Louis street, U. T. 
City Clerk, F. X. Garneau, City Hall, St. Louis St., U. T, 
City Surveyor, Joseph Hamel, City Hall, St. Louis 

street, U. T. 
City Treasurer, A. Gauthier, City Hall, St. Louis 

street, U. T. 
City Collector, R. Meredith, City Hall, St. Louis street, 

U. T. 
Clerk of the Crown, James Green, Court-house, St. 

Louis street, U. T. 
Clerk of the Peace, F. X. Perrault, Court-house, St, 

Louis street, U. T. 



50 

Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, old chateau of St. 

Louis, Place d'Armes, U. T. 
Coroner, B. A. Panet, 9 d'Auteuil street, Esplanade. 
Commissariat Department, St. Louis street, U. T. 
Crown Agent, D. McLean Stewart, 28 St. Peter street, 

L. T. 
Crown Lands Department, old chateau of St. Louis, 

Place d'Armes,U.T. 
Custom-house, J. W. Dunscomb, collector, St. Peter 

street, L. T. 
Emigration Department, A. C. Buchanan, chief agent, 

Napoleon wharf, L. T. 
Executive Council, Union buildings. Place d'Armes, 

U.T. 
Governor General's secretary. Union buildings. Place 

d'Armes, U.T. 
Health Office, Robert Symes, health officer. Palace 

street, U. T. 
Harbour Master and Captain of the Port, Captain Boxer, 

C. B. R. N. Trinity house, St. Peter street, L. T. 
Hudson's Bay Company, J. S. Watt, agent, 87 St. Paul 

street, L. T. 
Inspector General, Jones' buildings, St. Louis street, 

U. T. 
Marriage Licenses, J. G. Irvine, People's Building So- 
ciety, Fabrique street, U. T. 
Mayor of the City, N. F. Belleau, City Hall, St. Louis 

street, U. T. 
Montreal Telegraph Co., G. W. Purkis, operator, Ex- 
change buildings, L. T. 
People's Building Society, J. G. Irvine, secretary, 

Fabrique street, U. T. 
Police Magistrate, W. K. M'Cord, Court-house, St. 

Louis street, U. T. 



QUEBEC. 51 

Post Office, J. Sewell, P. M., Freemasons' Hall, Buade 

street, U. T. 
Prothonotary, Burroughs & Fiset, Court-house, St. Louis 

street, U. T. 
Provincial Secretary, Union Buildings, Place d'Armes, 

U. T. 
Public Works Department, Old Chateau of St. Louis, 

Place d'Armes, U. T. 
Post Office Department, Mount Carmel street, U. T. 
Quebec Building Society, W. Kimlin, secretary, St. 

George street, U. T. 
Quebec Gas Company, W. A. Curry, secretary, Or- 
leans Wharf, L. T. 
Quebec & Richmond Railroad Co., E. P. Mackie, 

secretary, Buade street, U." T. 
Quebec Mining Company, W. H. A. Davies, secretary, 

Dalhousie street, L. T. 
Quebec Fire Loan Office, Louis Prevost, secretary, St. 

Peter street, L. T. 
Quarter Master General, 53 St. Louis street, U. T. 
Receiver General's Department, Jones' Buildings, St. 

Louis street, U. T. 
Registrar for the County, C. N. Montizambert, Garden 

street, U. T. 
Revenue Inspector, J. M. Lemoine, 8 Garden street, 

U. T. 
St. Rochs' Reading Room,L. Lavoie, secretarj'-. Church 

street, St. Rochs. 
Sheriff, W. S. Sewell, Court-house, St. Louis St., U. T. 
Shipping Master, A. Hawkins, St. James street, L. T. 
Solicitor General's Department, Union Buildings, Place 

d'Armes, U. T. 
Superintendent of Pilots, Frs. Gourdeau, Trinity House, 

St. Peter street, L. T. 



52 THE strangers' guide. 

Supervisor of Cullers, John Sharpies, Sault-au-Matelot 

street, L. T. 
Town Major, Captain Knight, Main Guard-house, 

U. T. 
Trinity House, Lindsay & Lemoine, registrar, 46 St, 

Peter street, L. T. 
Turnpike Trust, John Porter, secretary, 88 St. Peter 

street, L. T. 
Union Building Society, John Ross, secretary, Clouett's 

buildings, Mountain street, U. T. 
Water Bailiff, B Lafleur, Trinity House, St. Peter street, 

L. T. 

STATISTICS OF THE TRADE OF QUEBEC. 

Comparative statement of the number of vessels, and 
their tonnage, which arrived at Quebec from sea, and 
the number of passengers that came out in them, from 
1846 to 1850, inclusive : — 



1846.. 


...1438 Vessels. 


573,104 Tons. 


32,753 Passengers. 


1847.. 


...1119 


u 


474,545 « 


97,582 


1848.. 


. . . 1044 


« 


426,968 " 


28,261 


1849.. 


...1064 


(( 


431,953 " 


38,494 


1850.. 


..1079 


(( 


434,294 " 


32,292 « 


1851.. 


..1185 


(( 


505,034 " 


41,899 



The above includes the vessels that were bound to 
Montreal, as every vessel that enters the port is boarded 
and reported, whether she is for Montreal or Quebec* 

Of the vessels that arrived in 1850, 96 were foreign, 
namely: — 45 Norwegian; 24 American, (U.S.,) 19 
Prussian ; 3 Russian ; 2 Portuguese ; 1 Hanoverian ; 1 
Swedish ; and 1 Dutch. 

Among the notabilities of Quebec and its vicinity, 
which have not been previously mentioned, are, the 
spot where General Montgomery fell, which is on the 
road from Champlain street to Diamond Harbour, and 



QUEBEC. 53 

is pointed out by a board affixed to the cliff above it 
placed there by Mr. Alfred Hawkins. 

The Plains of Abraham, a little to the west of the 
city, where the celebrated battle was fought between 
the British forces under General Wolfe and the French 
forces under the Marquis de Montcalm, should be visited 
by every traveller. A monument, erected on the spot 
where Wolfe fell, points out the place where the hot- 
test part of the action occurred. 

Spencer Wood, the residence of the Governor 
General, is about a mile farther west, and is an elegant 
country house, formerly the seat of Henry Atkinson, 
Esq. 

The Indian Village of Lorette, is 9 miles distant 
from the city, and is inhabited by the remains of the 
once powerful tribe of the Hurons. The usual fare for 
a caleche to hold two persons, here and back, is 1^ dol- 
lars, and for a carriage to hold five persons, 4 dollars. 

The Falls of Montmorenci, distant 8 miles below 
Quebec, form one of the grandest cataracts in America. 
The Pwiver here is about 60 feet wide, and the perpen- 
dicular height of the Falls is 250 feet. The fare for a 
carriage to convey five persons here and back to Que- 
bec, is 4 dollars, and for a caleche, 1^ dollars. The na- 
tural steps are an object of much interest, and there are 
many excellent fishing places upon the Pwiver above the 
falls, rendering it a favourite resort of the lovers of 
angl ing and beautiful scenery. 

The Chaudi^re Falls, on the river Chaudi^re, 9 
miles above Quebec, are also a favourite resort, and are 
very beautiful and romantic. The river here is about 
400 feet wide, and the height of the Falls is 130 feet. 
Usual coach fare to the Falls and back, 5 dollars, usual 
caliche fare, 2 dollars. 

D 



54 THE strangers' GUIDE. 

The Falls of St. Anne, are situated on the River 
■of the same name, on the north side of the St. Law- 
rence, 24* miles below Quebec, and present a singular 
variety of wild and beautiful scenery, both in themselves 
and their immediate neighbourhood. By leaving Que- 
bec early in the day, the tourist can visit the Falls of 
Montmorenci, and the remarkable objects contiguous, 
and reach St. Anne the same evening, leaving the next 
morning to visit the Falls, and the remainder of the day 
to return to Quebec. Usual carriage fare, 8 to 9 dol- 
lars, caleche fare, 4 to 5 dollars. 

Lake St. Charles, 13 miles north of Quebec, is a 
favourite resort of tourists, particularly of those who are 
fond of angling, as the lake abounds with fine trout. 
Parties intending to remain any length of time, would do 
well to bring some of the good things to be found in the 
larders of Quebec with them, as it is not at all times 
that the supplies in the vicinity are all that can be de- 
sired. Usual coach fare, 5 to 6 dollars, caleche fare, 2 
to 2^ dollars. 

Lake Beauport hes 14 miles north-east of Quebec, 
and is celebrated for its fine trout, which are usually 
taken with bait, as they refuse to bite at the fly. The 
fares to here are the same as to Lake St. Charles. 

Lake St. Joseph, 28 miles north-west from Que- 
bec, and three miles east of the River Jacques Cartier, 
into which its waters are discharged by a small stream, 
is 9 miles long by nearly six miles wide, and is cele- 
brated for its fine trout and black bass, both of which 
are taken in large quantities. 

The Island of Orleans, situated in the River St. 
Lawrence, immediately below Quebec, is nineteen 
miles long, by five and a half miles wide, and, like the 
island of Montreal, is superior in fertility to the main 



QUEBEC. 55 

land adjacent to it. It has a population of about six 
thousand souls, and produces the finest fruit in Lower 
Canada, excepting that raised in the vicinity of 
Montreal. 

The River St. Lawrence, from Quebec to the 
Saguenay, affords a variety of beautiful scenery, and 
there is now, during the season of navigation, a regular 
weekly steamer up and down ; the principal places 
which the steamer calls at on her trips are, Grosse Isle, 
30 miles below Quebec, where the Quarantine station 
for the River St. Lawrence is established. Dr. George 
Douglas is the principal medical officer here, and there 
5s a Captain's command of infantry furnished from the 
Garrison at Quebec. Usual steamboat fere from or to 
Quebec, 1 dollar. 

Malbaie, 90 miles below Quebec, on the north shore, 
is a large village, where many of the people of Quebec 
resort for sea-bathing. Usual steamboat fare, 3 dollars, 
do. going and returning, 5 dollars, 

Kamouraska, on the south shore, 90 miles below 
Quebec, is also a thriving village very pleasantly situa- 
ted, and resorted to as a bathing place. Fares same as 
to Malbaie, 

RiviiiRE Du Loup, en bos, is situated on the south 
■shore, 114 miles below Quebec, and is a rising village, 
much frequented for sea-bathing. Usual steamboat fare, 
4 dollars, do. going and returning, 5 dollars. 

The River Saguenay, falls mto the St, Lawrence 
from the north, at a distance of 140 miles below Que- 
bec, This noble river takes its rise in Lake St. John, 
126 miles from its mouth, and for 68 miles of that dis- 
tance it is navigable for large vessels, and at Ha Ha 
Bay, fifty miles from its mouth, the largest fleet of Men- 
<of-War would find a safe and spacious anchorage. The 



&6- THE STRANGER&' GUIDE. 

depth of the Saguenay is very great, in mid channel at 
its mouth no bottom was found with a line of 330 fa- 
thoms, and at the distance of 60 miles from the St. 
Lawrence, its average depth is from 50 to 60 fathoms. 
The shores of the River present some of the grandest 
and most striking scenery in the world, rising from the 
river almost perpendicularly to a height of from one 
thousand to fifteen hundred feet, and in many places, a 
ship of the line might run close to the rocks which over- 
hang it. 

Tadousac Harbour, is situated on the north-east 
side of the river at its mouth. It is a post of the Hud- 
son's Bay Company, who have a resident and a con- 
siderable establishment here. 

TfJTE Du BouLE, on the north shore, three miles above 
Tadousae, is a remarkable round mountain peak, and a 
few miles farther up are two hills known as the two 
Profiles, which bear a strong resemblance to the hu- 
man face. 

At St. John's Bay, on the south phore, 28 miles 
above Tadousae, and at the mouth of the River Mar- 
guerite on the north shore, are extensive lumbering 
establishments, and at various points upon the river 
there are others, all of which are owned by William 
Price, Esq., of Quebec, who employs between two and 
three thousand hands, and freights over one hundred 
ships annually, with the lumber which he has prepared 
upon this river. 

Eternity Point and Cape Trinity, 6 miles above 
St. John's Bay, on the south shore, are two immense 
masses of rock, rising perpendicularly from the water's 
edge to a height of about 1500 feet, and affording a 
prospect of solemn and imposing grandeur. 

Next iiv succession comes Statue Point, and then 



QUEBEC. 57 

the Tableau, which is a perpendicular rock rising to the 
height of nine hundred feet ; the scenery continues very 
beautiful on to Ha Ha Bay, where the River expands 
towards the north-west into a beautiful Bay of nine 
miles in length, by six miles in width, which affords 
good anchorage for the largest vessels, the average depth 
being from 20 to 35 fathoms. A large proportion of 
the land about here is good, and several Townships have 
been lately surveyed and laid out on both sides of the 
Hiver in this vicinity, the eUraate is also represented as 
being equal to thai of Quebec. 

Chicoutimi is situated 68 miles above Tadousac, at 
the confluence of the Rivers Chicoutimi and Saguenay, 
on the left bank of the latter. The Hudson's Bay 
Company have a post here, and there is a Roman 
Catholic Church, erected by the Jesuits in 1727. The 
population is about 400, principally French Canadians. 
The steamboat navigation of the Saguenay ends here, as 
the River above this is obstructed by rapids and falls. 
Fifty miles above Chicoutimi the River issues from Lake 
St. John, which is a fine expanse of water of about 30 
miles in length and, in the widest part, the same in 
breadth, its superficial area being over 500 square miles. 
The Rivers Mistasine^ Assttapmoussoin, Feribonea^ and 
OuatcJwanishf all of which are large streams, and many 
smaller ones, empty into Lake St. John, and as its only 
outlet is the Saguenay, which also receives many consi- 
derable streams in its course, the great depth and 
volume of water in that River may be easHy accounted 
for. 

Lake St. John, the Saguenay, and the Rivers 
which they receive, abound in excellent fish, consisting 
©f white fish, bass, trout, dore, carp, pike, eels, and others, 
afld the salmon ascends the Saguenay for a con^dexablc 



58 THE strangers' guide. 

distance, and is taken in large quantities and shipped to 
Quebec. The usual steamboat fare from Quebec to the 
Saguenay and back, (the trip usually occupying about 
three days,) is from 10 to 12 dollars, which includes 
everything except wines, liquors, or cigars. 

THE RIVER OTTAWA. 

This noble stream, which is the second in point of size 
and importance in Canada, takes its rise in the unsettled, 
and but little known country, of the North West, and 
flows in a south, and south easterly direction, till it 
unites with the St. Lawrence at the upper end of the 
Island of Montreal. During its course, which is estima- 
ted at about 700 miles, it receives many fine streams, 
most of which would, in any other country, be reckoned 
great Rivers. Its principal tributaries on the Upper 
Canada side are the Rivers Montreal, Mattawan, 
Petawauwe, Bonne Ch^re, Madawaska, Mississippi, 
Rideau and Petite Nation, and on the Lower Canada 
side''the Rivers Gatineau, du Moine, aux Lievres, Petite 
Nation, and du Nord. The scenery on the lower part 
of the River is handsome, but inferior to what it is as 
the traveller ascends farther. Tourists, who design to 
visit the Ottawa, should leave Montreal by the Lachine 
Railroad cars in the morning, and on reaching that 
Village they will take one of the steamers which runs to 
Carillon, a distance of 50 miles, here they take a stage, 
which is always in readiness to forward passengers on 
the arrival of the steamer, and proceed to Grenville, a 
distance of 12 miles, where another fine steamer 
receives them, and they proceed direct to Bytown, a 
distance of 60 miles, which they reach in time for sup- 
per the same evening. A little below Bytown the 
Rideau River precipitates itself into the Ottawa, form- 



THE RIVER OTTAWA. 59 

ing a beautiful cataract of over 30 feet in height, and 
immediately above Bytown are the Chaudi£re Falls, 
which are second only to those of Niagara in grandeur 
and magnificence. The Rideau Canal, to connect the 
Ottawa with Lake Ontario, commences at Bytown, and 
a series of eight splendid granite locks at once overcomes 
a fall of 34 feet. The total distance from Bytown to 
Kingston is 126 miles, and the number of locks to the 
Isthmus, a distance of 87^ miles, is 34, which overcome 
a rise of 292 feet. From the Isthmus to Kingston, a 
distance of 38^ miles, there is a descent of 166 feet, with 
13 locks. Length of the locks, 134 feet, width of the 
locks, 33 feet, depth of water in the Canal, 5 feet, total 
cost of the works $4,800,000. Many of the locks on 
this Canal, besides those at Bytown, are handsome, and 
there is a good deal of fine scenery on several portions 
of the route. The usual fare from Montreal to Bytown 
is 4 dollars, and the steamer which leaves Bytown for 
Kingston thrice a week, usually charges the same fare. 
The principal places between Bytown and Kingston are, 
Burritt's Pvapids, Merrickville, Smith's Falls,Newboro' or 
the Isthmus, Brewer's Mills, and Kingston Mills. 

Bytown, the County Town of the County of Carleton, 
and the principal place on the Puver Ottawa, is situated 
on the west side of that River, in the Township of 
Nepean. The Town takes its name from the late 
Colonel By, of the Royal Engineers, by whom it was 
laid out, and under whose superintendence the works on 
the Grenville and Rideau Canals were carried out. It 
is in a naturally strong situation, and could be easily 
rendered one of the most defensible military posts in 
America. The Town is divided into two parts, known 
as the Upper and Lower Towns, which are about half 
a mile apart. The Rideau Canal commences here, and 



60 

is spanned by a handsome stone bridge, forming part of 
the street which connects the Upper and Lower Towns, 
and it is also connected with Hull on the Lower Canada 
side of the River, by a fine suspension bridge. Three 
newspapers, " the Gazette^^ " the Packet^^ and " the 
Ottawa Advocated are pubUshed here. There are 
agencies of the Banks of British North America, Mon- 
treal, and Upper Canada. There is a branch of the 
Pi^oyal Engineer Department, and a Crown Timber Office, 
and there are Churches of the Roman CathoUc, Church 
of EnglandjWesleyan, Free Church, Church of Scotland, 
and Baptist, denominations. The Municipal Government 
consists of a Mayor and eight Councillors ; there are two 
FireCompanies, a Building Society, an Electric Telegraph 
(which communicates with Montreal and the interme- 
diate places), and there are offices or agencies of several 
Fire and Life Assurance Companies. The principal 
Hotels are, Doranh, Mc Arthur'' s, Wood^s, and Mc- 
ConnelVs, and there are several other comfortable 
pubHc houses. A detachment of the Royal Canadian 
Rifles is usually stationed at Bytown, and there is a 
News Room, and a Mercantile Library Association. 
Besides being the head quarters of the lumber trade of 
the Ottawa, there is a large and increasing general busi- 
ness transacted, and there are considerable manufactories 
of cloth, iron, and leather, together with several mills, 
breweries, and distilleries, carried on. The Bytown 
AND Prescott Railroad, which will pass through a 
beautiful and fertile country, is now in course of con- 
stmction. It will probably be finished soon, and will 
add much to the advantage and progress of both termi- 
nuses, as well as the country through which it runs. Its 
length will be 53 miles, and the estimated cost is 
jei 50^000, or $600,000. During the summer there is a 



THE BIVER OTTAWA. 61 

daily steamboat communication with Montreal, distance 
123 miles ; cabin fare, 20s. or 4 dollars, deck fare, 10s. 
or 2 dollars, and there is also steamboat communication 
with Kingston, distant 126 miles, via the Rideau Canal, 
three times each week, fares, same as to Montreal. The 
population of Bytown in 1850 was 6,616, and it is now 
nearly 9000 ; the Town returns one Member to the Pro- 
vincial Parliament. 

The Caledonia Springs, which are now celebrated 
all over North America, are situated at the Village of 
the same name, 72 miles distant from Montreal. Passen- 
gers for here will leave Montreal by the Lachine Rail- 
road, and take the steamer to Carillon, and at Point 
Fortune, on the other side of the Ottawa, opposite 
Carillon, they will find stages in readiness to convey 
them to the Springs, which they will reach the same 
evening. There are good hotel accommodations here, 
and the reading rooms, bath rooms, billiard rooms, ball 
allies, &c., furnish ample sources of amusement and 
recreation to the visitors. Usual travelling fare from 
Montreal, 2\ dollars. Board can be had here from 1^ 
dollars, down to 75 cents, per day. 

The Plantagenet Springs are situated in the 
Township of that name, near the River Ottawa, 88 miles 
from Montreal ; these Springs are also rapidly becoming 
popular, and a good hotel has been recently opened at 
them. Passengers for here will proceed by Railroad to 
Lachine, and from there take the steamer to Carillon, 
at Point Fortune they will take a stage which will con- 
vey them to the Springs, which they reach the same 
evening. Usual fare 3J dollars. Board can be had 
here at 1 dollar per day. 

The tourist, who intends to proceed from Montreal to 
Kingston, Toronto, or the Falls of Niagara, will take 



62 THE strangers' guide. 

passage by one of the lines of steamers mentioned under 
the head of " Steamboat, Raihoad, and Stage OffioeP 
in Montreal, where the fares also are given, and will, in 
any case, proceed by Railroad to Lachine, from Lachine 
the steamer crosses Lake St. Louis to Pointe Couvillon, 
where she enters the Beauharnois Canal; this Canal is 
11^ miles in length, and has nine locks of 200 feet long, 
45 feet wide, and 9 feet deep, overcoming an ascent of 
82^ feet. Leaving the Canal, the steamer crosses over 
to CoTEAU Landing, a neat Village 45 miles from Mon- 
treal, with a population of about 400, and from thence 
proceeds through Lake St. Francis to Cornwall, the 
County Town of the Counties of Stormont, Dundas, and 
Glengary, which is a neat, thriving Town, 82 miles from 
Montreal, with a population of about 1800, here the 
Cornwall Canal, which is 11^ miles in length, is 
entered by the steamer. This Canal has seven locks of 
the same dimensions with those on the Beauharnois 
Canal, overcoming an ascent of 48 feet. The Villages 
of MiLLEROCHES and MouLiNETTE are on this Canal, 
and at the head of it is Dickinson's Landing, 94 miles 
from Montreal, which is a thriving Village, with a popu- 
lation of about 600. Passing upwards, we next proceed 
through the Farren's Point, Rapid Plat, Point 
Iroquois and Galops Canals which are situated at 
short distances from each other, and are in all 9| miles 
in length, with six locks of the dimensions above stated, 
overcoming a rise of 29^ feet. In descending the River 
from Kingston, the rapids which these Canals, as well 
as the Lachine Canal, overcome, are passed through by 
the steamers, and present a beautiful and attractive 
spectacle, (not unaccompanied by fear, in those whose 
nerves are weak), to the tourist. The Town of Pres- 
COTT, 134 miles above Montreal, is a place of consider- 



THE RIVER ST. LAWRENCE. 63 

able importance, having a population of about 2500 ; a 
railroad to connect it with Bytovvn, a distance of 53 
miles, is now in . progress, and will add greatly to its 
prosperity ; on the opposite side of the River stands 
Ogdensburg, a thriving Town, with a population of 
over 5000, which is rapidly improving. Brockville, 
12 miles above Prescott, is a handsome Town, having 
many fine buildings, it is a place of considerable trade, 
and is rapidly increasing, being situated in a fine agri- 
cultural district of country. Population about 4000. 
Gananoq,ue, 20 miles below Kingston, and 32 miles 
above Brockville, is a considerable Village, with a popu- 
lation of about 1000. There is a splendid water power 
here, and the place is fast rising in importance. A few 
miles above Brockville commence the Thousand 
Islands of the St. Lawrence, some of which are mere 
rocks, while others are both beautiful and extensive. 
Many of them rise from the water in the most strange 
and picturesque manner imaginable, and the passage 
among them, when the trees and flowers, with which 
they abound, are in full foliage, is really delightful. 

The Lachine Canal, since the construction of the 
Kailroad, is but seldom passed through by travellers. 
Its length is 8^ miles, and it has five locks, three of which 
are of the same capacity and dimensions as those on the 
Beauharnois Canal, and two of them, being those at the 
City of Montreal, have a depth of 16 feet water. 
Altogether, they overcome a rise of 44'| feet. 

The entire cost of the Canals between Kingston 
and Montreal has been about $4,500,000. 

The names and distances of all the places which 
are passed through on the land route between Montreal 
and Kingston are as follows : — 

Montreal to Lachine, 9 miles. 



64 THE strangers' guide. 

Montreal to Cedars, 37 miles. 

" CoteauduLac, 43 " 

" Coteau Landing, 46 " 

" Lancaster, 66 " 

" Cornwall, 82 " 

" Moulinette, 88 « 

'* Dickinson's Landing, 94 " 

« Osnabruck, 97 « 

'' East Williamsburg,... 103 " 
" West Williamsburg,... Ill " 

« Matilda, 119 « 

« Edwardsburg, 125 « 

" Prescott, 134 " 

" Maitland, 141 " 

" Brockville, 146 " 

" Yonge, 155 « 

« Gananoque, 178 " 

" Kingston, 198 " 

The City of Kingston, is situated at the head of the 
River St. Lawrence, on a fine harbour of Lake Ontario, 
in lat. 44° 8' north and longitude 7,6° 40' west from 
Greenwich. The Town was laid out in 1784, on the 
site of Fort Frontenae, an old French post, and it has 
now a population of about 15,000 souls. The streets of 
Kingston are generally wide and spacious, and intersect 
each other at right angles. Stone for building purposes 
is abundant, and most of the buildings, both public and 
private, which have been recently erected, are con- 
6tnicted of that material. The principal public building 
is the Market-house, a splendid edifice, built at a 
cost of about $100,000, and containing, besides the 
Market, the Offices of the Corporation, the Post Office, 
the Merchants' Exchange and Reading Room, and 
several fine rooms, which are let out for other purposes* 



KINGSTaif. 65 

The other public buildings of importance are, the Court- 
house, St. Paul's and St. George's Churches, the Roman 
Catholic Cathedral, the College of Regiopolis, and the 
Hotel Dieu Nunnery, the University of Queen's College, 
and the Churches of the Church of Scotland, Wesleyan, 
Free Church, and Baptist, denominations. The buildings 
of the Bank of Montreal, Commercial Bank, Bank of 
Upper Canada, and Bank of British North America, 
are also worthy of notice. About 2 miles west of the 
City is situated the Provincial Penitentiary, a large 
and massive pile of stone buildings, surrounded by a 
strong and lofty stone wall, flanked by towers at the 
corners. The number of convicts here in November, 
1850, was 455, which was the entire number then 
undergoing penitentiary punishment in Canada, as this 
is the only prison for that purpose in the Province. On 
the opposite side of the Bay, is Point Frederick, between 
which and Paint Henry is situated Navy Bay, where 
there is a dock-yard and station of the Royal Navy. On 
Point Henry is situated the Fort of the same name, 
which is a strong and compact work, designed to pro- 
tect the entrance to the harbour. There are two Min- 
eral Springs at Kingston, one of which is situated at the 
corner of King and Arthur streets, and the other 
contiguous to the Penitentiary. There is a Marine Rail- 
way here, upon which vessels of from three to four hun- 
dred tons can be hauled up for repairs, and there are 
several steam-engine manufactories, at which some of 
the best machinery in the Province has been made. 
There are two daily newspapers, " the British, Whig^^ 
and " Daily News,^^ and three weekly papers, " the 
Chronicle^'' " the HeraW and " the Argus f^ and there 
are offices of fifteen Life, Fire, or Marine Assurance 
Companies. There is a Gas Company and a Water 



66 THE strangers' gutbe. 

Works Company, and there are two Building Societies. 
The Municipal Government consists of a Mayor, four- 
teen Aldermen, and fourteen Councillors, and there is a 
Commercial News Room, and a Mechanics' Institute. 
Several extensive ship-yards are carried on here, and 
the finest ale brewed in Canada is produced in this City. 
A large and increasing general business is transacted in 
Kingston, and although its trade suffered considerably by 
the removal of the seat of Government, and also by the 
completion of the St. Lawrence Canals diverting a large 
portion of the carrying business from it, it seems to have 
recovered from both these shocks, and is now, as regards 
both imports and exports, the sixth commercial City 
in Canada. 

The principal hotels are, the Briti^i American, the 
Princess House, the St. Lawrence, and the City. King- 
ston is the County Town of the Counties of Frontenac, 
Lenox and Addington, it returns one Member to the 
Provincial Parliament, and is the head quarters of the 
army for Upper Canada. 

Kingston is distant from Montreal 1 98 miles, steam- 
boat fare, cabin, 20s., stage fare, 35s. ; distant from 
Toronto 165 miles, steamboat fare, cabin, 20s., stage 
fare, 45s. There is a daily communication throughout 
the year, from Kingston to all parts of the Province. 
The usual fare for cabs is 2s. 6d.;, or 50 cents, per hour, 
and travellers should, as a general rule, make the agree- 
ment with the driver previous to using his vehicle. The 
principal hotels always convey travellers and their lug- 
gage from and to the steamers free of cost. 

On leaving Kingston for Toronto or Hamilton, the 
first landing place at which the steamer stops is Cobourg, 
the County Town of the United Counties of Northumber- 
land and Durham. The Town is pleasantly situated on 



COBOURG. 67 

ground which rises gradually from Lake Ontario, and, 
being built on a dry gravely soil, it is very healthy and 
salubrious. The streets, which are wide, intersect each 
other at right angles, and nearly all of them are provided 
with excellent plank side walks. Victoria College, an 
Institution of the Wesleyan Methodist denomination, is 
a handsome building, situated on an elevated site in the 
back part of the Town, it is a conspicuous object, as the 
Town is approached from the Lake, and has generally 
from fifty to sixty students pursuing their studies. Two 
weekly papers, " the Star'*'' and " the Reformer y^ are 
pubhshed here, there is an agency of the Bank of Mon- 
treal, a Savings Bank, and a Building Society, and there 
are also agencies of nine Life, Fire, or Marine Assurance 
Companies. The largest woollen manufactory in 
Canada, " the Ontario Mills^"^ owned by Messrs. 
McKechnie & Winans, is situated here, they give em- 
ployment to about 200 persons, and produce about 
250,000 yards of cloth annually. Considerable manu- 
factures of iron, leather, and marble, and several exten- 
sive mills, breweries, and distilleries, are carried on here, 
and the general business of the place is large and 
increasing. Population about 4000. Cobourg is dis- 
tant from Montreal 293 miles, steamboat fare, cabin, 30s. 
or 6 dollars, distant from Kingston 95 miles, steamboat 
fare, cabin, 10s. or 2 dollars, distant from Toronto 70 
miles, steamboat fare, cabin, lOs. or 2 dollars. Princi- 
pal hotels, " Albion'*'' and " GlobeP 

Port Hope, in the County of Durham, 7 miles west 
of Cobourg, is the next place at which the steamer 
touches. It is a very thriving Town, with a population 
of about 2500, and is rapidly increasing. There is 
excellent water power here, and numerous extensive 
mills, breweries, distilleries and manufactories of cloth, 



68 THE strangers' GuroE. 

iron, and leather, are carried on. Two weekly papers, 
" the Watchman^'' and " the EcJw''^ are published here, 
there are agencies of the Banks of Montreal, Upper 
Canada, and Commercial Bank, and of fifteen Life, 
Fire, or Marine Assurance Companies. There are 
Churches of the Church of England, United Presbyte- 
rian, Baptist, Roman Catholic, Episcopal Methodist, and 
Wesleyan denominations. There is also a Building 
Society, and the general business of the Town is very 
considerable. Principal hotels, ^^ Ontario,'''* and ^^ North 
American.^'* Steamboat fares, same as to Cobourg. 
After leaving Port Hope the steamer proceeds direct to 
Toronto. 

The City of Toronto, the Capital of Upper Canada, 
is situated on a fine Bay of Lake Ontario, in the Town- 
ship of York. The City was laid out in iTP-i, under 
the superintendence of General Simcoe, then Lieutenant 
Governor of Upper Canada, the plan being a parallelo- 
gram, wnth the streets intersecting at right angles. The 
population in 1817 was 1200, in 1S26, 1700, in 1830, 
2900, in 1842, 15,400, in 1845, 19,700, in 1850, 
25,200, and it is now close on 32,000. The value of 
imports at Toronto in 1850, was X634,700, and the 
amount of duties collected j£90,360, placing the City 
next to Montreal in the import trade of the Province. 
The streets of Toronto are spacious and regular, and 
King street, which is the principal business street, is 
principally occupied by handsome shops, where the 
display of all kinds of manufactured goods is equal to 
that in most of the first class Cities of North Amer- 
ica. The public buildings are numerous, and some of 
them elegant, the principal ones are the University of 
Toronto, to which very beautiful grounds are attached, 
Upper Canada College, the St. Lawrence Hall, where 



TORONTO. 69 

the offices of the Corporation, and the Commercial News 
Room are kept, the Court House, the Jail, the Parliament 
Buildings, the Normal School, the Lunatic Asylum, 
Osgoode Hall, Trinity College and the Banks of Upper 
Canada,British North America, Montreal andCommercial 
Bank. The Churches in Toronto are, the Cathedral of 
St. James', Trinity, St, George's, and the Church of the 
Holy Trinity, of the Church of England. St. Michael's 
and St. Paul's, Roman Catholic, St. Andrew's, Church 
of Scotland, three Wesleyan, one Free Church, one 
United Presbyterian, one Congregational, one CathoUc 
Apostohc, one Methodist New Connexion, one Primi- 
tive Wesleyan, one white and one coloured Baptist, and 
two Disciples of Christ There are three National 
Societies, viz : St. George's, St. Andrew's, and St, 
Patrick's. The Benevolent Institutions are, the Toronto 
Hospital, the Provincial Lunatic Asylum, the General 
Dispensary, the Lying-in-Hospital and Vaccine Institu- 
tion, the Eye Dispensary, and the Maternity Lying-in- 
Hospital. There is a Board of Trade, a News Room, 
a Mechanics' Institute, a Society of Arts, a Philhar- 
monic Society, and a Typographical Association. There 
are several Lodges of Freemasons and Odd Fellows, and 
also Turf, Chess, Cricket, and Bowling Clubs. There 
are two daily newspapers, " tlie Patriot"^ and " the 
ColonistP one tri-weekly, " the Globe^^ six weekly, 
**■ the Guardian^ " the Church^ " the Eocami'tter^^ 
" the Mirror p "t^ie Nortli Americanp and " the Watch- 
man" and five monthly magazines, viz : " the Chris- 
tian Observer ^'^ " l^e Agricultural Journal!^ *' the 
Pre^yterian Magazine^' " the Young Churchman" 
and " the Journal of Education ^^ published here. There 
are offices or agencies of the Montreal, Upper 
Canada, British North America, Commercial and Far- 

£ 



70 THE strangers' GUIDE. 

mers' Joint Stock Banks, and there are nine Bnilding 
Societies. The head office of the Canada Company, 
which has about 2,000,000 acres of land for sale, is here, 
and there are two Telegraph, one Water Works, and two 
Gas Companies. There is a Savings Bank, and 
there are offices or agencies of thirty-five Life, Fire, or 
Marine Assurance Companies. The general business of 
Toronto is large and increasing, and the value of pro- 
perty has become greatly enhanced within the last few 
years. Steamboats leave the City daily, during the 
season of navigation, for Kingston, Montreal, Hamilton, 
Rochester, Niagara, and nearly all the ports on the St. 
Lawrence and Lake Ontario, and stages depart daily for 
all the Inland Towns during the summer, and for all 
parts of the country in winter. The City returns two 
Members to the Provincial Parliament. The Municipal 
Government consist of a Mayor, twelve Aldermen, and 
twelve Councillors. There is a City Recorder, whose 
Court is held four times in the year, and the Fire Brigade 
consists of one Hose, four Fire, and two Hook and 
Ladder Companies. The Toronto, Simcoe, and Lake 
Huron Railroad, to connect the City with those Lakes, 
is now in progress, and the great Trunk Railroad through 
the Province will also pass close to, or through the City. 
The Markets of Toronto are well supplied with all kinds 
of provisions at very moderate prices, and house rent, 
except in the principal business streets, where good 
stands rent from ^150 tp £250 per annum, is reason- 
able. Principal hotels, " Beard's,''^ Church street, 
* Wellington,''^ Wellington St., " Western,''^ Welling- 
ton St., " North American,'* Front St., " Masonic Arms^ 
Market Square, " City Arms,^'' Market Square. To- 
ronto is distant from Montreal 363 miles, steamboat fare, 
cabin, 40s., deck, 20s., stage fare, 80s. : distant from 



HAMILTON. 71 

Kingston 165 miles, steamboat fare, cabin, 20s., deck, 
10s., stage fare, 4-5s. : distant from London 129 miles, 
{steamboat and stage fare, 20s. to 27s. 6d. : distant from 
Goderich 150 miles, steamboat and stage fare from 22s. 
to 32s. 6d. : distant from Quebec 543 miles, steamboat 
fare, cabin, 50s., deck 22s. 6d., stage fare, 125s. 

The City of Hamilton is beautifully situated near 
Burlington Bay, at the upper end of Lake Ontario, and 
from its admirable geographical position, as well as being 
the centre of the finest section of Canada, it must 
always be one of the most important and thriving places 
in the Province. Hamilton was laid out in 1813, in 
1822 it was made a County Town, in 1833 it was 
incorporated as a Town, with the privilege of sending a 
Member to the Provincial Parliament, and in 1845 it 
was incorporated as a City. The population in 1845 
was 6,500, in 1850, 10,300, and it is now (1852), 14,000 
souls. The value of imports at Hamilton in 1850 was 
^£395,809, and the duties £59,400, and the value of 
exports the same year was £88,200, placing it, in point 
of imports and exports, the fourth port in Canada. The 
City is well laid out, on ground which rises gradually 
from Burlington Bay, and the streets are wide and spa- 
cious. Many of the buildings are erected of brick, though 
stone being abundant close to the City, renders the good 
taste of the choice rather questionable. A good many 
of the more recently erected buildings are of cut stone, 
among which the Gore Bank, the Bank of Montreal, 
and the Banks of Upper Canada and British North 
America, are conspicuous and handsome. There are 
Churches of the Church of England, Roman Catholic, 
Church of Scotland, Wesleyan Methodist, Primitive 
Methodist, Episcopal Methodist, New Connexion 
Methodist, Congregational, Baptist and Free Church, 



72 

denominations, and the head office of the Gore Bank, 
with branch offices of the Banks of Montreal. British 
North America, Upper Canada and Commercial Bank, 
are established here ; there are also two Savings Banks, 
and offices or agencies of fifteen Life, Fire or Marine 
Assurance Companies. The head office of the " Great 
Western Railway," and " Canada Life Assurance Com- 
panies" are here, and there are a Mercantile Library- 
Association, a Mechanics' Institute, a Gas Company, 
and two Telegraph Companies. There are three 
National Societies, the St. George's, St. Andrew's, and 
St. Patrick's, and there are several Lodges of Freema- 
sons and Odd Fellows. There are also three Building 
Societies and a Horticultural Society. Four semi-weekly 
newspapers, '' the Spectator P " the Gazette^ " the 
Canadian^ and " the Jouriial and Express^ are pub- 
lished here, and there are two weekly papers, " the 
Christian Advocate^'' and " the Evangelist?' The 
wholesale and retail business done here is large, Hamil- 
ton being the head quarters of several of the most exten- 
sive importing houses in Canada. The Great Western 
Railroad, to connect Hamilton with the American hnes 
at Detroit, is now in rapid progress, and, when finisijed 
will add greatly to the wealth and importance of the 
City. The Municipal Government consists of a Mayor, 
nine Aldermen and ten Councillors, and the City returns 
one member to the Provincial Parliament. The princi- 
pal hotels are " the City^ James st., " the Commer- 
cial^'' corner of James and Main sts., " the Mountain 
Vieiv^ on the Mountain, " the Victoria,^'' King st, 
<< Weekes'^'* King st. Hamilton is distant from Mon- 
treal 408 miles, steamboat fare, cabin, 45s., deck, 20s., 
stage fare, 87s. 6d. : distant from Kingston 226 miles, 
steamboat fare, cabin, 25s., deck, 12s. 6d., stage fare, 



LONDON. 



73 



52s. 6cl. ; distant from Toronto 45 miles, steamboat fare, 
cabin, 7s. 6d., deck, 3s. 9d., stage fare, 7s. 6d. : distant 
from London 84 miles, stage fare, 17s. 6d. : distant from 
Goderich 105 miles, stage fare, 20s. 

London, the County Town of the County of Middle- 
sex, is a handsomely laid out, and well built place, situated 
on the River Thames, in the Township of the same 
name ; it was commenced in 1826, was incorporated in 
1840, and returns one Member to the Provincial Parlia- 
ment. Being in the centre of a fine agricultural district, 
London is a place of much importance, where an exten- 
Vive general business is carried on, and, as the Great 
Western Railroad will pass through the Town, it must 
continue to advance in a ratio equal, at least, to that 
portion of country of which it is the natural centre. 
There are Barracks sufficient for a regiment of infantry, 
and half a battery of artillery, and that number of troops 
are usually stationed here. There are several handsome 
Churches, most conspicuous amongst w^hich is St. Paul's* 
of the Church of England, and the Court-house is also 
a fine building. There are also Churches of the Church 
of Scotland, Free Church, Roman Catholic, Wesleyan, 
Episcopal Methodist, Congregational, Baptist and Univer- 
salist, denominations, and there is a Church for coloured 
people. There are three newspapers, '^ the Free 
Press,'" ''the Prototype,'^ and ''the Times.''' There 
are agencies of the Montreal, Upper Canada, and Gore 
Banks, there is a Savings Bank, and there are agencies 
of twenty-six Life, Fire, or Marine Assurance Com- 
panies here. There are several extensive breweries, 
distilleries, iron founderies, tanneries, mills, and cloth 
factories, and a large wholesale and retail trade in mer- 
chandize of all kinds is carried on. Principal hotels, 
" Robinson Holly'' "Royal Eoxhange^'' " Hope Hotel^'^ 



7^ THE strangers' GUIDE. 

'' FrcemasoTi^s Arms>P " Prospect House ^"^ and " Tem- 
perance HouseP London is distant from Montreal 488 
miles, steamboat and stage fare, first class, 62s. 6d., or 12^ 
dollars, second class, 37s. 6d., or 1\ dollars : distant from 
Kingston 294 miles, steamboat and stPge fare, first class, 
42s. 6d., or 8^ dollars, second class, 27s. 6d., or 5^ dol- 
lars: distant from Toronto 127 miles, steamboat and 
stage fare, first class, 25s. or 5 dollars, second class, 21s. 
3d., or 4^ dollars: distant from Hamilton 81 miles, stage 
fare, 15s., or 3 dollars: distant from Goderich, 60 miles, 
stage fare, 15s., or 3 dollars: distant from Windsor 117 
miles, stage and steamboat fare, 25s., or 5 dollars: distant 
from Port Stanley 26 miles, stage fare, 5s., or 1 dollar. 
Population about 7000. 

THE FALLS OF NIAGARA. 

So much has been written and said of these celebrated 
Falls, that it would seem almost presumptuous to do more 
than refer to them in the briefest terms, in a work such 
as the present. Suffice it then to say, that they are 
situated on the Niagara River, which unites Lakes Erie 
and Ontario, the former of which is over 300 feet above 
the level of the other. The stream between Lake Erie 
and the Falls has a very rapid descent, which, in the last 
half mile before it reaches them, is not less than 58 feet ; 
a tremendous velocity is consequently attained by the 
mass of moving waters, and in this state of rapid motion 
it is precipitated over a rock of 150 feet in perpendicular 
height, in a stream of about 2300 feet in width. The 
continued action of the water has worn away the rock 
into the form of a crescent, and portions of it are pre- 
cipitated, fromtime to time, into the gulf beneath. No 
living thing can resist the force of the current for miles 
above the Falls, and should they, by any misfortune, 



STATISTICAL SKETCH OF CANADA. 75 

once become involved among the rapids, destruction is 
inevitable. A vapour of considerable density is con- 
stantly ascending from the surface of the water, which, 
in bright sun-shiny weather, reflects a beautiful rainbow, 
and in winter it becomes congealed upon the points of 
the rocks and the trees contiguous to the Falls, into the 
most varied imaginable forms of beauty. 

There are many objects of considerable interest in the 
vicinity of the Falls, all of which are pointed out in 
detail, in a little work relative to them, which is sold at 
the various hotels upon the spot. The principal hotel 
on the Canada side is the Clifton House, and there are 
numerous good hotels on the United States side. 

Niagara Falls are distant from Montreal 410 miles, 
usual steamboat fare, cabin, 42s. 6d. or 8^ dollars. Dis- 
tant from Kingston 213 miles, usual steamboat fare, cabin, 
25s. or 5 dollars. Distant from Toronto 48 miles, usual 
steamboat fare, cabin, 7s. 6d. or 1^ dollars. 

GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL SKETCH 
OF CANADA. 

The Province of Canada, including both its grand di- 
visions, extends from 42 to 52 degrees of North Lati- 
tude, and from 64 to 92 degrees of West Longitude, 
embracing a superficial area of about 330,000 square 
miles, and having a population of about 1,700,000 
souls. 

Previous to the year 1791, the whole extent of coun- 
try now known as Upper and Lower Canada, was 
designated the Province of Quebec, but, owing to 
alledged difficulties in managing the administration of so 
large an extent of country, it was in that year divided 
into two Provinces having separate governments, and bo 



76 

remained until 1841 when they were re-united, and 
now constitute one Province only. 

Lower Canada, which is considerably the largest 
Province, has an area of 210,000 square miles, and Up- 
per Canada an area of 121,000 square miles, the popu- 
lation being about equally divided at the present time, 
and estimated at about 850,000 souls to each. 

About two-thirds of the population of Lower Canada 
are of French descent, the remainder consisting of 
English, Irish, Scotch, Germans, and Americans or 
their descendants. In Upper Canada the population 
is made up of Colonists or the descendants of Colonists 
from the British Islands, of the descendants of Ameri- 
can loyalists who emigrated to Canada after the Revo- 
lutionary War, and in a few localities there are settle- 
ments of Germans and Dutch. 

In Lower Canada about four-fifths of the people be- 
long to the Roman Catholic Church, the remainder 
consisting of members of the different Protestant 
Churches and a few Jews, while in Upper Canada, 
about four-fifths of the people are Protestant and the 
remainder Roman Catholic. 

At the time of the conquest of Canada in 1760, the 
entire population was estimated at 70,000, and a glance 
at the following synopsis from the official returns of the 
different periods mentioned, will shew the rapid ad- 
vance which the country has made since that time. 



LOWER CANADA. 

Population in 1763 10,000 

" 1814 335,000 

« 1823.... 427,000 
« 1831.... 512.000 
" 1844.... 699,000 

" 1848 770,000 

« 1850,... 791.000 



UPPER CANADA. 

Population in 1763 12,000 

« 1814 95,000 

« 1824.... 151,000 

" 1832 261,000 

" 1842 486,000 

" 1848 721,000 

« " 1850 791»00O 



STATISTICAL SKETCH OF CANADA. 77 

The following Religions, Educational, Literary, Com- 
mercial, and other statistics will be found of some interest, 
exhibiting, as they do, to a very recent date, the state of 
the Province in these respects. 

RELIGIOUS, EDUCATIONAL, AND LITERARY STA- 
TISTICS. 

The number of Clergymen of all Denominations in 

Canada, at the beginning of 1851, may be stated as 
follows : 

Clergymen L. Canada, U. Canada. 

Roman Catholic 464 19 

Church of England, 95 14*7 

Wesleyan Methodist 20 171 

Baptist 13 109 

Methodist Episcopal — 98 

Church of Scotland 11 52 

Eree Church 6 59 

Congregationalist 12 35 

United Presbyterian 5 40 

New Connexion Methodist 6 39 

Primitive Methodi&t — 19 

Bible Christian — 15 

American Presbyterian 1 — 

Unit jrian 1 — 

Jewish Synagogue 1 — 

641 869 

641 

Total 1510 

The proportion of clergymen to the population in Lower Cana- 
da, is as 1 to 1190 — in Upper Canada, as 1 to 810. 

The Province is divided by the Roman Catholics into five 
dioceses, viz: — 

Quebec, (Archbishop) 215 Clergymen. 

Montreal, 249 " 

Bytown, 11 " 

Kingston, (with a coadjutor) 26 " 

Toronto, 36 " 



78 THE strangers' guide. 

The Province is also divided by the Church of England into 
three dioceses, viz : — 

Quebec, 40 Clergymen. 

Montreal, 55 " 

Toronto, 148 " 

The Province is further divided by the Wesleyan 
Methodists into eleven Districts; by the New Connex- 
ion and Episcopal Methodists into six each ; and by the 
various Presbyterian Churches into Presbyteries, as 
follows, viz : — Church of Scotland, six ; Free Church, 
eight ; United Presbyterian Synod, five. 

In connexion with many of the Congregations there 
are Sunday Schools. The number of those Institutions 
is about 600. 

II. EDUCATION. 

In Upper Canada, there were in January, 1851,2871 
Schools, with 3209 Teachers, and 138,465 Scholars. 
In Lower Canada, there were 1794? Schools, 167,982 
Scholars. Upper Canada has also a Normal School, 
the advantages of which have been already participated 
in by upwards of 600 Teachers, and a Council of Pub- 
lic Instruction. 

In addition to the Elementary Schools in Lower Ca- 
nada, there are the Schools of the " Christian Brothers,'' 
containing about 4000 pupils, and Nun's Schools, with 
2000 pupils. 

For the support of elementary schools the Legislature 
has voted j£50,000 per annum for these nine years past, 
in addition to the salaries and incidental expenses of the 
Education Department, which are charged on the Con- 
solidated Fund. 

The Upper Canada Grammar Schools, twenty-five in 
number, are supported by a Special Fund, arising out of 
the lands set apart for this purpose in the reign of 



STATISTICAL SKETCH OF CANADA. 79 

George III. The present annual income is about 
jG4,500, and it is increasing. 

In the Lower Province, are the « High Schools" of 
Montreal and Quebec, certain " Academies" in the 
Eastern Townships, and the Roman Catholic '" Semi- 
naries" or " Colleges." The Seminary at Quebec con- 
tains 22 Professors, and 385 Students: — in the " Col- 
lege" at Montreal there are 18 Professors, and 250 
Students. The other Colleges, nine in number, are 
situated in different parts of the Province, and are nu- 
merously attended by those who design to enter the 
learned professions. They contain about 1500 Students. 
Most of these Institutions, with several others, not 
named, and four Schools for Indians, receive aid from 
the Legislature. 

A University Education with the opportunity of ob- 
taining degrees, may be enjoyed in Upper Canada at 
the University of Toronto, which is suppHed with 
twelve Professors ; at Trinity College, Toronto, which has 
been recently organised, at Queen's College, Kingston, 
where there are five Professors ; — and at Victoria Col- 
lege, Cobourg, which has two Professors and three Tu- 
tors. There are also the Roman Catholic Colleges of 
Regiopolis, Kingston, with six Professors — and By town, 
where there are two, and a Superior. 

Similar advantages are offered at M'Gill College, 
Montreal, under two Professors and three Lecturers, 
and in the Medical Department, which stands deservedly 
high, there are eleven Professors, and 52 Students. 

Theological instruction is imparted to Candidates for 
the Christian Ministry at the following places : — At 
Trinity College, Toronto, and at Lennoxvilie, (L. C.) to 
Church of England Students— at Queen's College, to 
Church of Scodand Students — at Knox's College, To- 



80 THE strangers' GUIDE. 

ronto. to Free Church Students — and at the Congrega- 
tional Theological Institute, and the Divinity Hall of the 
United Presbyterian Synod, in the same city, to the 
Students of those Denominations. Roman Catholic 
Candidates for the priesthood, study at such of the ex- 
isting Colleges as may be indicated to them by the 
proper authorities. 

III. LITERATURE AND SCIENCE. 

Mechanics' Institutes are established in our principal 
cities and towns. 

The Historical Society of Quebec, founded in 1824, 
under the auspices of Earl Dalhousie, is the only insti- 
tution of the kind in Canada. Three volumes of its 
transactions have been published, containing much 
curious information. Besides its Library, rich in his- 
torical lore, the Society possesses some very valuable 
manuscript documents, relating to the history of Canada. 

The Natural History Society of Montreal, established 
in 1826, has a good Library, furnished with the best 
scientific works, and an extensive Museum. 

Mercantile Library Associations have been formed 
in Quebec, Montreal, and several other places, and have 
been productive of great benefit. 

The number of volumes in the Libraries of the fol- 
lowing Institutions, is thus reported : — 

Quebec Mechanics' Institute (founded 1830,) 2000 

Quebec Mercantile Library Association, 8000 

Quebec Historical Society, 1600 

Montreal Seminary, 10000 

Moritreal, private property of members 5000 

Montreal College, 8000 

Montreal Students' Library 8000 

Biblioth^que de Bons Livres, Montreal, 5500 

Montreal Natural History Society 1200 



COMMERCIAL STATISTICS. 81 

Montreal Mechanics' Institute, (incorporated 1845,) 1750 

Montreal Mercantile Library Association, (founded 1840,). 4000 

Institut Canadien, (founded 1844,) 1700 

Advocates' Library, Montreal, 2000 

Kingston Mechanics' Institute, (founded 1834,) 1100 

Queen's College, 3000 

Regiopolis College, 2000 

Libraries in different parts of Upper Canada, 9000 

Mechanics' Institute, Toronto, 1300 

Mercantile Library Association, Hamilton, 1205 

IV. AGRICULTURE. 

Great encouragement has been wisely afforded by the 
Legislature to the Agricultural interest. The pecuni- 
ary grants during the past year amounted to ^£11,200, 
and the estimates for the current year include ^10,000 
for the same purpose, equally divided between Upper 
and Lower Canada, and then distributed among the 
County Agricultural Societies, to be added to local sub- 
scriptions, thus forming a fund from which the pre- 
miums to successful competitors at the Agricultural 
Shows are paid. ^ 



COMMERCIAL STATISTICS. 

PUBLIC DEBT OF CANADA, 31st JANUARY, 1851. 

Debt, £4,512,468 14s. 8d Annual Interest, £219,418 9s. 5d. 

GROSS REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE OF CANADA, 
1847 TO 1850. 



1847. 
Revenue £719896 


1848. 

£379645 

474491 


1849. 

£513431 

450913 


1850. 

£704234 

532063 


Expenditure 716059 


Surplus Revenue.. . . 3837 
Deficit in Revenue 


94846 


62518 


172171 



82 



THE strangers' GUmE. 



Value of articles imported into Canada, and the coun- 
try from whence imported, for 1849 and 1850. 

1849. 1850. 

Great Britain £1,669,002 £2,407,980 

British Colonies 48,917 97,517 

United States 1,242,855 1,648,715 

Foreign Countries 41,824 91,303 



Total £3,002,698 £4,245,517 

Value of Exports of Domestic Products from Canada 
for the years 1849 and 1850, and where sent : 



1849. 

Great Britain £1,348,424 

British Colonies 120,173 

United States 857,442 

Foreign Countries 1,525 



1850. 
£1,521,279* 

204,288 
1,237,789 

27,070 



Total £2,327,564 



£2,990,426 



Value of Imports and Exports at the principal Ports 
in Canada, in the year 1850. 





Imports. 


Exports. 


Amt. of duties collected. 


Montreal.. . 


£1,726,350 


£436,193 


£258.474 


Toronto. , . 


. 634,722 


67,557 


90,367 


Quebec 


494,139 


1,297,523 


83,809 


Hamilton. . 


895,782 


88.222 


59,398 


St. Johns.. . 


369,446 


303,959 


43,469 


Kingston. . 


124,760 


87,562 


15,324 



VALUE OF CURRENT COINS AS TAKEN IN TRADE 
IN CANADA. 



£ s. d. 

Sovereign ... 1 4 6 

Crown 6 1 

Half-Crown.. 3 0^ 
ThreeShilling 

Token 3 

Shilling 1 3 

Sixpence 7^ 



AMERICAN. 



£ s. 

Eagle 2 10 

Half-Eagle.. 1 5 

Dollar 5 

Half-Dollar.. 2 
Quarter-Dol- 
lar 1 

Dime 



FRENCH AND SPANISH. 



French Crown . . 
Half-Crown. . . . 
5 Franc Piece . . 
Spanish or Mexi- 
can Dollar. . . 
Quarter-Dollar.. 



4 8 



Pistareen 10 



♦Including 32,043 tons of Shipping sold in Great Britain, at £10 
per too, £320,430. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 83 

B. DAWSON, 

Bookseller and Stationer, 

No 2 Place d'Armes, Montreal, 

Keeps constantly on hand a complete assortment of 
Plain and Fancy Stationery, Engravings, Pen and Pocket 
Knives, School Books, Blank Books, Medical Works, 
and Standard Works, in everj^ department of Literature, 
and is constantly receiving, hy express, all 

The New, Cheap and Interesting Works 
of the Day. 

BESIDES ALL THE BEST 



AND RE-PRINTS OF THE 



British Magazines & Periodicals, 

WITH A VARIETY OF 

MAF^s (SOIIDE IB(0)(D)Kg, 

&c., &:c. 
All of which he offers upon very moderate terms. 

BRITISH AND AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS 

and other Periodicals suppUed with regularity. Orders 
made up monthly for Great Britain and France, and 

weekly for the United States. 



84< ADVERTISEMENTS. 

R. & A. MILLER, 

No. 10 ST. FRANCOIS XAVIER STREET, 

PUBLISH, UNDER SPECIAL SANCTION, THE 

National School Books, 

AND MANY OTHERS, 

Which they offer for Sale, Wholesale and Retail, at very- 
Low Prices and on favourable terms. 



-CONSTANTLY ON HAND- 



OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, 

PLAIN&FANCYSTATIONERY 



IN GREAT VARIETY. 



Bibles, Prayer Books, and Church Services, Elegant 
English Editions in different kinds of Binding. 

MAPS, GUIDE BOOKS, &e. 

IN EVERY STYLE OF THE ART, 

Executed in the best manner, and at very 
MODERATE PRICES. 

Specimens may be seen by applying at the subscribers stores, 

St, Frangois Xavier Street, Montreal, and Mountain 
Street, Quebec. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 85 

D. & J. SADLIER & Co., 

PiSUSHEBS, 
BOOKSELLERS & STATIONERS, 

Corner of Notre Dame and St. Francois Xavier Streets, 

Having Eemoved to the above Central and Commodious Store, 

are now^ offering for Sale, 

THE LARGEST AND BEST SELECTED STOCK OF 

BiiES, STlTIilllY, &(B.. 

TO BE FOUND IN CANADA. 
Strangers visiting Montreal, vdll find here the most eecent 

WORKS IN EVERT DEPARTMENT OF LITERATURE, at priceS which 
DEFY COMPETITION. 

MAPS, GUIDE BODES, &c., 

In great variety, constanty on hand. Remember the Address, 
D. & J. SADLIER, & Co., 

Corner of Notre Dame and St. Francois Xavier Streets. 




MM 

Daguwcte^fc Romas, 

No. 2, PLACE D'AEMES, OVER LYMAN'S DRUG STORE, 

K^©KDT[^[l^[La. 



Miniatures finished and coloured in the highest 
style of Art. 

LADIES and GENTLEMEN are invited to call and 
examine the numerous specimens now on view, as 
above. 

F 



S6 ADVERTISEMENTS. 

J. ^ D. LEWIS, 

1331- ]>fotre Dame Street^ 

Respectfully invite the attention of all parties visiting 
Montreal, to their very extensive Stock of 



From their frequent visits to the European Markets, 
they are enabled to offer all the novelties for the season, 
and at such prices that will command the attention of 
purchasers. 

(Late Smith & Morgan,) 

Importers of, and Wholesale and Retail Dealers in every 
Description of 

DRY GOODS, 

No. 204 Notre Dame Street, Montreal, 

Have now on hand a large and well selected stock of 
every article usually to be found in their line of business, 
which they are able to offer at very moderate prices. 

Strangers visiting Montreal would do well to 
call and examine their very superior stock, as they are 
confident that in no place in the City can superior induce- 
ments be offered to purchasers. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 87 

MORISON, CAMERON & EMPEY, 

No. 202 NOTRE DAME STREET, 

Would respectfully invite the attention of Strangers 
visiting the City to the Large and Splendid Stock of 
Rich Fancy 

DRY GOODS, 

of every description, which they have now on hand, 
and which, having been imported direct by themselves 
under a Low Tariff" of Duties, they are enabled to offer 
MUCH LOWER than the same description and quality of 
articles can usually be found in the United States. 

Among the articles referred to they would more particularly enumerate : 
Black and Colored Gros de Naples, 

Do. do. Glace and Shot Silks, 

Irish and Manchester Poplins, 
Figured, Damask, and Brocaded Silks and Satins, 
Fancy Striped and Checked Gros and Glace Silks, of every 

variety, 
Black and" Coloured French and English Satins, 
Terry Velvets, 

Black and Coloured Silk Velvets, 

French, Enolish <fe Swiss Ribbons, of every description &, variety, 
Scotch and German Square and Long Shawls, all Wool, in gi*eat 

variety, 
Gentlemen's all Wool Plaids, 
Ladies' Neck Ties, of every description, 
Ladies' and Children's Linen Lawn HANDKERcmEFS, 
Gentlemen's Pure Linen do. 

Scotch Lawn, do. 

Ladies' Grass Cloth and French Cambric, do. 
Cashmere, Satin, Barege, Canton Crape, Paisley and French 

Shawls, in great variety. 
L ADiEs', Gentlemen's and Children's Gloves and Hosiery of all 

kinds, 
Lace Goods and Sewed Work of every description, a very large 

assortment, 
Artificial Flowers, French and English, an elegant assortment, 
Umbrellas and Parasols, 
Broad Cloths, Cassimeres and Vestings, <fec. 

Together witli an extensive and well assorted stock of every 
article usually to be found in a first rate Dry Goods Warehouse, 
all of which, as they give no credit and make no bad debts, they 
are able to offer at a small advance upon the cost. 

No. 202 NOTRE DAME STREET, MONTREAL, 



88 ADVERTISEMENTS. 

THOMAS MTJSSEI, 

IMPORTER OF 

British & Foreign Fancy & Staple Dry Goods, &c.^ 

NOTRE DAME STREET, MONTREAL, 

(adjoining the ENGLISH CATHEDRAL.) 

His Stock, which is varied and extensive, consists of the following : 
Carpets of Velvet, Tapestry, Brussels, Imperial, Kidderminster, 
Dutch, Fine, Superfine, (fee, <fec. ; Hearth Rugs of every descrip- 
tion • Plain and Printed Druggets ; Door and Carriage Mats, in 
all varieties ; Floor and Table Oil Cloth, of all widths and newest 
styles ; Real Irish Tabinete, plain and watered ; Silks ; Satins ; 
Damasks ; Ribbons ; Embroidered Goods ; Mourning do. : Ladies', 
Gent's, and Children's Silk, Cotton, and Woolleo Hosiery ; Gent's. 
Silk, Cotton, Merino, and Lamb's "Wool Shirts and Drawers ; 
Ladies' and Children's Underdresses ; Ladies', Gent's, and Chil- 
dren's Kid, Silk, Thread, Cloth and Cashmere Gloves; Embroidered 
and Plain French Lawn Handkerchiefs ; Damask Table Linen and 
Napkins ; Family Linen ; Linen Sheeting ; Huckaback ; Diapers -,. 
Shawls, in all varieties ; French Merinos ; Coburgs ; Mousline de 
Laines ; Cloths, Cassimeres, Tweeds, Vestings ; Printed Muslins 
and Cambrics ; Lace Goods ; Cloth and Coloured Table Covers, &c. 
With every other article in the trade, which, being bought in the 
best market for cash, he will dispose of Wholesale and Retail on 
the most reasonable terms. 

JOhF HENDERSON", 

DEALER IN 

HATS, FURS, 

AND 

liilli lilWMf 111, 

M[M]©[L[i©/S\[L[i mm [K2[i¥^0LLn 

MONTEEAL, 93 Notre Dame Street. 
QUEBEC, Opposite the French Church. 
Strangers would do well to examine the stock of these 
establishments, where will be found an elegant assort- 
ment of the rarest Skins and Manufactured Furs. 

Hats and Gaps of the latest fashions, Travelling Hat 
Cases and Straw Goods, Bark Work and other Indian 
Curiosities. 



ADVERTISEMENTS, S3 

GEORGE M'lVER, 

Manufacturer, Importer, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in 

HATS, CAPS, & FURS, 




No. 135 NOTRE DAME STREET, 
MONTREAL., 

Keeps constantly on hand an extensive and very 
SUPERIOR ASSORTMENT of evoiy article in his line of 
business, which he offers at wholesale or retail upon 
very favourable terms. 

Cash Paid for Shipping Furs. 



SAVAGE & LYMAN 

MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF 

WATCHES, CLOCKS, 



100 Notre Dame, Corner of St. Gabriel Street, 

MONTREAIi. 

S. & L. would particularly call the attention of 
Travellers visiting this City to their stock of Rich 
London made Jewellery, Watches, Papier Mache Ware, 
Dressing Cases, Work Boxes, Lamps, Fine Cutlery, 
&c., &c., &c. Also, the best Sheffield and Birmingham 
Plated Ware, Silver Plate, London and Canada made, 
the whole forming the largest assortment in the Provinces, 
and offered at low prices 

To Suit the Times. 



90 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 




IMPORTER OF 



JEWELLERY, WATCHES, CLOCKS, 

&c., &c., 

Corner of Kotr© Dame and St. Vincent Streets, Montreal, 

Has always on hand a large and beautiful stock of 



(goltr CftamsJ, aamffsf* iLorltet^, BjroaclKS^* 

PENCIL CASES, PENS, &c., &c.. 
All of which he imporis direct from the manufac- 
turers, and is enabled to offer at unusually low prices. 
Ladies and Gentlemen visiting Montreal are respectfully- 
requested to call and examine his present large and ele- 
gant Stock previous to making their purchases, as he is 
satisfied that the iaducements he offers to those requiring 
any article in his line of business, cannot, to say the least, be 
exceeded by any house in the city. 

jThTwalker^ 

ENGRAVER ON COPPER AND WOOD, 

EXECUTES 

Landscape^ Portrait, Card, and Seal Engraving, 
On Short Notice and Reasonable Terms. 

Gentlemen requiring anything in the above line of Art, are 
respectfully requested to call at No. 5 St. Feancois Xaviee 
Street, and examine numerous specimens of his work. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



91 




THE 

MONTREAL HOUSE, 

Custom House Square, fronting the Steamboat Wharf, 

Being the most central, airy, and healthy situation in the City, and 
affording an unrivalled and iminterrupted prospect of the River 
St, Lawrence and the beautiful cowntry to the south. 

The Subscriber having leased the above ELEGANT, COMMODI- 
OUS, and BEAUTIFULLY SITUATED HOTEL, is now pre- 
pared to accommodate visitors in a style of elegance, comfort and 
convenience not to be surpassed in any other establishment in 
British North America. 

THE BILLS OF FARE 

will be uniformly of the choicest and most approved description, 
and the 



&c., of the very best brands imported. 

CARRIAGES will be in constant readiness to convey Travel- 
lers and their baggage to or from the Steamboats and Railroads, 

TREE OF COST. 

J. W. COLEMAN. 



92 ADVERTISEMENTS, 



WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 

Merchant Tailor k Clothier, 

GENERAL IMPORTER, &c., 

No. 9 McGill Street, Montreal, 

Has constantly on hand a very extensive assortment of every 
description of WOOLLEN and other 

EEADY-MADErCLOTHIia, 

HATS, CAPS, &c.. 

Which he offers for sale at unprecedentedly Low Prices, 
Country Merchants, and the piibUc generally, are respect- 
fully invited to call and examine. 

N. B. Strangers visiting the City can be accom- 
modated with a Complete Suit, made to measure, 
in from 12 to 24 hours. 

wiLmf gemmillT 

BOSTON CLOTHING WAREHOUSE, 

No. 11 McGILL STREET, 

Has now on hand one of the most extensive and com- 
plete assortments of all kinds of 

IIIBY-HIBI CtHfllK, 

Ever offered to the Public, which he is able and wiUing 
to sell at very moderate -prices. 

Strangers Visiting the City can be fitted with 
garments of every description made to fneasurcy in from 
12 to 24 hours. The public are invited to call and ex- 
amine before making their purchases, as the proprietor 
believes he can offer them advantages rarely to be met 
with, and certainly not to be surpassed by any similar 
establishment in North America. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 93 



MERCHANT TAILOR, 

CLOTHIER, AND GENERAL ODTFlTTEa 

108 NOTRE DAME STREET, 

MONTREAL, 

Respectfully informs Gentlemen visiting Montreal, 
that he has on hand a very large and splendid assortment 
of Woollen Goods, Trowser Stuffs, Silks, Satins, Vest- 
ings, &c., of the best quality and most fashionable styles, 
with a variety of articles incidental to the Tailoring 
business. A large stock of 

Ready-Made Clothing of Superior duality, 

N. B. For the convenience of Travellers, H. L. has 
made arrangements which will enable him to make up a 
suit of clothes in 8 hours. 

Warranted to Fit well. 

rwrWRBERf&Tl'a, 

113 Notre Dame Street, Montreal, 

(sign of the golden lyre,) 

Importers and dealers in Musical Merchandize of every des- 
cription, keep constantly on hand the newest and most popular 
musical publications of Europe and America, an extensive assort- 
ment of Violins, Violencellos Double Basses, Guitars, Clarionets, 
Flutes, Flageolets, Opheclides, Sax Horns, Sax Tuleas, Cornopeans, 
Valve Trumpets, French Horns, Roman and English Violin, 
Violincello and Guitar Strings, Reeds, Tuning Hammers, Graves' 
celebrated Patent Metronomes, Lastenenti and Cromatic Tuning 
Forks, (admirable for Amateur Tuners,) ^olian Mutes and Pitch 
Pipes. 

J. W. H. & Co. "would call particular attention to the Piano Fortes 
of their own manufacture, so swjomor in construction for durability, 
tone, finish and style, as to have called forth the general admiration 
of the profession, trade, and visitors to the World's Fair in London. 

Also, to the New York Pianos imported by them from one of 
the best makers in the United States. 

Musical Instruments Bought, Sold, Exchanged or let out on hire. 

N. B. Their arrangements for Tuning, Regulating and Repair- 
ing Pianos are superior to most houses on this continent. 



9^ ADVERTISEMENTS. 

THE 

MONTREAL CITY DIRECTORY, 

Containing the Name, Residence, and Business or Profession of 
every householder in the City, with complete lists of all Public 
Offices, Institutions, &c., &c. 

EDITED BY ROBERT W. S. MACKAY. 

IS PUBLISHED ANNUALLY, 
BY 

JOHN LOVELL, 

No. 5 ST. NICHOLAS STREET, MONTREAL ; 

AND THE 

QUEBEC CITY DIEECTORY, 

Containing the same description and amount of information rela- 
tive to that City, and edited by the same person, 

IS PUBLISHED BY 

JOHN LOVELL, 

No. 12 MOUNTAIN STREET, QUEBEC. 

ALSO, RECENTLY ISSUED, 

CONTAINING THE NAMES OF THE PROFESSIONAL AND 
BUSINESS MEN OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, 

IN OVER FIVE HUNDRED AND FIFTY 

OF THE CITIES, TOWNS, AND VILLAGES OF CANADA, 

TOGETHER WITH 

A COMPLETE POST-OFFICE DIRECTORY OF THE 
PROVINCE, 

AND 

A DIRECTORY TO ALL PUBLIC OFFICES, OFFICERS, 
AND INSTITUTIONS, 

WITH 

Tables of the Population, Trade, Revenue, Expenditure, Imports, 
Exports, Public Works, &c., &c., of Canada, and other useful in- 
formation. 

EDITED BY ROBERT W. S. MACKAY, 

PUBLISHED BY JOHN LOVELL, NO. 5 ST. NICHOLAS STREET, 

MONTREAL. 

All the above Worls are for Sale at JSTo. 5 St. Nicholas Streeti 
Montreal, and No. \2 Mountain Street, Quebec. 



AD VERTISEM ENTS. 



95 




96 ADVERTISEMENTS. ^ ^f 

Diocesan Female School, 

UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF THE 

LORD BISHOP OF MONTREAL, 

AND THE 

(BMIDrm(DIEl ©©(DHUfYg 

CONDUCTED BY 

Mrs. BOLES and able English Assistants, 

AIDED BY A 

Who resides in the House. 



This School was established in March 1851, for the 
benefit of the Daughters of the Clergy and such of the 
Laity as may wish to avail themselves of the advan- 
tages offered by this Institution. 

The course of instruction comprises the ENGLISH 
LANGUAGE in all its various branches, with 
FRENCH, LATIN and ELEMENTARY MATHE- 
MATICS. 

The best Teachers are engaged for MUSIC and all 
other accomplishments. 

Prospectuses may be obtained on applying to Mrs. 
ROLES, Cote . House, Cot6 Street, or at the DIO- 
CESAN LIBRARY, Montreal. 

VACATIONS.— From July 17th to August 28th, 
and from December 22nd to January 5th. 

TERMS.— 1st, from May 1st to July 17th : 2nd, 
from August 28th to November 13th : 3rd, from No- 
vember 13th to February 13th : 4th, from February 
13th to May 1st. 




^t: 



